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The Rise of the Carolingians Merovingians Meroveus Carolingians Charles Martel Hero of the Battle Of Tours, 732. Pepin the Short Secured the Papal States for the Pope Clovis First Catholic King of the Franks, baptized in 497 Charles (Charlemagne) Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 Carolman dies before he can inherit the throne Pepin the Short (714-768) • • • • • • Son of the legendary Charles Martel Father of the future Charles the Great (Charlemagne) Strong and intelligent Petitioned Pope St. Zachary to grant him and his progeny kingship of the Franks Already de facto rulers because of the corruptions of the Merovingian kings. St. Boniface (papal legate in Germanic territories) anoints Pepin king of the Franks in Christmas 751. The Papal States Lombards threatened Rome and Byzantines were not going to help the Pope. • Pope Stephen II (752-757) meets with Pepin. • Anoints Pepin and his two sons on 28 July 754. • Pepin defeats Lombard chief Aistulf and leaves behind a contingent of Frankish troops in Lombardy. • Pepin wins Rome for the Pope, as well as Ravenna and Perugia (The Papal States) Charles the Great (Charlemagne) • • • • • Powerful warrior and excellent politician Faithful son of the Church (reign was very Catholic) Charles defeats Lombards when they threaten Rome in 773. Charles proclaimed “Patrician of Rome” by Pope Adrian I (772-795) Also makes himself King of the Lombards; the first to unite all Germanic kingdoms. Charlemagne and the Papacy Pope St. Leo III had been falsely accused of corruption by the Roman nobility. The pope appealed to Charles for help. Christmas AD 800: Pope crowns Charles as Roman Emperor. The Holy Roman Empire The Germans have been finally incorporated into the great Roman Empire. Angered the Byzantine emperors. “the west is now being ruled by a barbarian.” Pope St. Leo III (750-816) Charles Crowned Emperor of the Romans Charlemagne and the Saxons Saxons were a pagan tribe in NE Germany. Saxons were unusually cruel to Christians. 772-803: Charles wages a series of wars. Charles treated them harshly because of their cruelty. He once ordered 4,000 Saxons beheaded! Used capital punishment for: killing a priest, belonging to a heathen group, stealing, eating meat on Friday, refusing to fast, cremating a body. Carolingian Renaissance (“re-birth”) Charlemagne combated the cultural decay of the West. The study of theology and literature. Restored Latin Commanded that every parish and monastery have a school. Alcuin (740-804): best and most influential scholar of the Carolingian renaissance. Englishman from Northumberland, educated at York. Joined Charlemagne’s court at Aachen in 782. Charlemagne receives Alcuin