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Download WH 1 Lesson 32 Instructional Resource 1
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Roman Culture Life in the Roman Empire Urban life in ancient rome ► Ancient Rome was situated on seven hills. ► Each emperor built more and more public buildings. ► The most famous buildings were built after the death of Augustus. ► The Colosseum, the Forum of Trajan, and the Pantheon made the city the “capital of the world.” Colosseum ► This arena was built to house 50,000 spectators for sporting and theatrical events. ► Built during the reigns of the three Flavian Emperors: Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. ► Between 70-82 A.D. Interior of the Colosseum • The Emperor Titus opened the Colosseum in 80 A.D. with 100 days of games in which 9,000 animals died. • Crowds came to the games to see fighting and blood, as well as pageantry. Forum of Trajan • Built by the Emperor Trajan between 106-113 A.D. • Meeting place and tourist attraction, even during Roman times. • Within is Trajan’s Column, built to commemorate his victory in Dacia. Roman Pantheon • Begun in 27 B.C., the Pantheon was completed by the Emperor Hadrian, between 118-128. • Dedicated to the 12 Olympian gods, it survived because it became a Christian church. Roman Houses o Augustus lived in a modest house, but his successors expanded it into an enormous palace on the Palatine Hill. o The rich preferred to live on the hills above the teeming masses. o Most of the poor lived in packed apartment houses near the center of the city. o Rome had over 1 million inhabitants. Domus Augustana (House of Augustus) Ruins of the imperial palace on Palatine Hill in Rome. These are the remains of the courtyard of the private quarters on the lower level. Fun and Games o One Roman writer said that the imperial government kept the Romans contented by “breads and circuses.” o Other societies have relied on the same strategy, but never to the same degree. o Roman emperors provided free food to hundreds of thousands and sponsored endless series of games. Theater at Orange, in Gaul This is the best preserved Roman theater. Built around 50 A.D. As in Ancient Greece, theater was an important pastime to the Ancient Romans. Maritime Theater at Hadrian’s Villa Hadrian’s immense country house at Tivoli was built over and island and connected by canals. In the theater full scale military battles could be fought as entertainment. Circus Maximus The most popular events in Ancient Rome were the chariot races held in the Circus Maximus, an arena that held up to 300,000 spectators. Competing teams with brightly decorated horses attracted fierce loyalty. Up to 12 four-horse chariots crowded together, lap after lap – very dangerous. Successful charioteers became very wealthy. Circus Maximus, Rome Circus Maximus is today in ruins. It was originally built in the 6th century B.C., but destruction several times by fire required its restoration. Gladiators Criminals and captives were sent to gladiatorial training schools to learn to entertain the crowds. If gladiators successfully performed in combat, they might receive the imperial “thumbs up” – meaning freedom. Gladiatorial games were important because there the people could see the emperor and he could see them. Food and Water • Distributing food and water to Rome and the cities in the empire was a high priority for the government. • Romans built huge waterways called aqueducts to bring water to the cities. Roman Baths • The Romans loved baths. • There were 170 baths in Rome during the reign of Augustus and over 900 by 300 A.D. • Romans took baths as entertainment, for healing, and just to get clean. • The baths were huge buildings built at public expense. • The aqueducts provided the water for the baths. Bath, England • This is the famous Roman bath known as Aquae Sulis. • It was constructed in the 1st century A.D. and was watered by springs which produced 500,000 gallons per day. Cities in the Roman Empire Rome was not the only city in the Roman Empire. There were about 1000 cities in an area that stretched from Britain to Syria. Most of these cities had fewer than 10,000 citizens but all had forums, markets, temples, and other kinds of public buildings found in Rome. Most of the great Western European cities began as Roman cities. List of Cities that Began as or Became Roman cities London (Londinium), founded 43 A.D. Paris (Civitas Parisiorum), taken 52 B.C. Milan (Mediolanum), taken 222 B.C. Sevilla (Hispalis), taken 45 B.C.