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The Collapse
of the Roman Republic
Rape of Sabine Women
http://home.uchicago.edu/~jedanker/romrep.timeline.gif
Gov’t in the Roman Republic
What caused the Roman
Republic to fall?
Why is this significant?
I. The Punic Wars
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When?
Where?
Who?
What?
Why?
See
map
in
Noble
p. 156
www.bible-history.com/rome/ map_punic_wars.gif
• First Punic War (264-241)
• Begins over Sicily; imitatio and corvus
• Second Punic War (218-201)
• Hannibal’s march; Fabian strategy; Scipio
Africanus attacks at Zama
• Third Punic War (149-146)
• Carthago delenda est (Cato)
First Punic War
Second Punic War
Hannibal’s March
Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
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‘View Show' to view and
zoom map
Roman Expansion Under the Empire
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The main spurt of Roman expansion occurred between 264 and 133
B.C., when most of the Mediterranean fell to Rome, followed by the
conquest of Gaul and the eastern Mediterranean by 44 B.C.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.
II. Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
(died 133, 122 BC)
• “But the men who fight
and die for Italy enjoy
nothing but the air and
light; without house or
home they wander about
with their wives and
children. . . . [T]hey fight
and die to protect the
wealth and luxury of
others; they are styled
masters of the world, and
have not a clod of earth
they can call their own.”
• Reformist Tribunes
• Land reform, debt relief,
new colonies, etc.
• Murdered by Senators
III. The Generals Control Rome
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Marius
Sulla
Julius Caesar
[Octavian (Augustus)]
• See Noble, pp. 160-166
Marius, “The First Man in Rome”
• Equestrian popularis
• Military success
• Repeated consulships
Giovanni
Tiepolo,
The
Triumph of
Marius
Sulla
• Patrician optimas
• Political contradiction
Julius Caesar
• See Noble, pp. 163166
From Republic to Empire:
Julius Caesar & Augustus
Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
• General, dictator, orator, historian, reformer. . .
• “the sole creative genius ever produced by
Rome”
• As famous in death as in life. . .
Caesar’s career
• First Triumvirate (60-53
BC)
• Pompey, Caesar, Crassus
• Military victories in Gaul
(60-53)
• Commentaries on Gallic
War
• Crossing the Rubicon
(49)
• Civil War (49-45)
• Dictator in Rome (45-44)
• Assassinated
• Ides of March, “et tu,
Bruti?”
Map of Julius Caesar’s career
Caesar’s accomplishments
• Expanded Roman
citizenship to
provinces
• Expanded Senate
• Founded colonies for
soldiers
• Public building
program in Rome
• Julian calendar
Caesar in popular culture
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“Veni, vidi, vici”
Shakespeare’s play
Caesarian birth
Caesar/Kaiser/Tsar
Caesar salad
Little Caesar’s pizza