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Download 3. Rise and fall of roman empire
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The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Growth of Roman Empire Roman Empire at its height The Beginning of the Empire • The Roman Empire began in 31BC with the rule of Octavian. (Caesar Augustus) – The Grand nephew of Julius Caesar Augustus Augustus (31BC-14AD) 45 years in power • During the period of the Roman Empire, Rome flourished. It expanded to cover most of Europe, the Middle East, and the Northern Part of Africa. • The areas were divided into provinces and were controlled by a shared power of Augustus and the Senate. • Augustus was seen to be one of the greatest emperors of the Roman Empire. • called princep (first citizen) Key Reforms of Augustus • • • • • • • • • • • Praetorian Guard for his protection (4500 men) shared control with Senate created buffer territories and Kingdoms continued granting citizenship to provinces created a Census uniform tax system (equal among provinces) established civil service positions based on talent & merit not class encouraged family and religious duties tax on childless couples built temples and roads Emperors following Augustus • treated with hostility by Romans • None of the next few emperors kept the good ties with the Senate and the people of Rome that Augustus had. • None had been as good to Rome, and conquered people, as Augustus. – Tiberius (14-37) Cheap – Caligula (37-41) Insane (assassinated) • Gave his horse the position of consul. • killed by the Praetorian guard in 41 CE. – Nero (54-68) Vain, Cruel, Revengeful Nero Emperor Nero • He ruled from 54AD - 68 AD. – He was very cruel and revengeful. – He ordered the assassination of anyone who seemed to be an opponent to him. • Killed his own mother. • A disastrous fire swept through Rome in 64 AD which was believed to have been set by Nero himself. • After his death the Senate and the army knew they had to play more of an active role in selecting an emperor. Five Good Emperors • After Nero, Senate & Army played a role in selecting emperor (many inter army battles) • 96 -180 Century of Peace • Each emperor trained a successor (Caesar) • (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius) • Trajan was a Spaniard (1st Non-Italian) – Rome's Boundaries reached greatest extent Pax Romana (“Roman Peace”) Under the 5 Good Emperors • the Roman Empire expanded in territory, trade and wealth. • civilization flourished • hundreds of cities built • paved roads • Latin common language of empire. (This led to it forming the basis later languages) • the Emperors would communicate closely with the Senate before taking any action. – (Means they didn't abuse their authority. People felt they still had say.) The Decline of the Roman Empire • Began in the 2nd century when enemies from the north began to invade Roman territory. – Why would it be easy to attack this large empire? – the empire was so large and the borders were so long, it was nearly impossible to protect the borders. • By 285 AD Rome was going through serious internal problems, revolts in conquered territories, present day France, Britain. • The emperor was unable to squash these revolts. • As a result the Empire was divided into two sections. Result of splitting the Empire • two rulers would issue all laws together. • very negative effect on Rome. • It was no longer the capital of the empire or the centre of power. • Roman Senate lost all of its power. • The rule of these two parts of the Roman Empire broke down when 7 different people fought for power. • Constantine defeated all rivals in a civil war (tears a country apart) and became the sole emperor of Roman Empire. • He made the Greek town Byzantium the new capital and renamed it Constantinople. • Romulus Augustus was the last emperor of the Roman Empire. • Over the last few years Barbarians kept attacking and invading Roman territories. • Rome fell in 476AD After the Roman Empire • The leader of the united German tribes, assumes the title of king of Rome. • After 476 CE, there are no Roman Emperors occupying the West at all.