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Chapter 9
Roman Civilization
9-1
Life in Ancient Rome
Key Terms
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Vault
Satire
Ode
Anatomy
Forum
Gladiator
Paterfamilias
rhetoric
Important People
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Virgil
Horace
Galen
Ptolemy
Spartacus
Roman Culture
Roman Culture
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In addition to their own developments in
science and engineering, Roman artists
and writers borrowed many ideas from the
Greeks.
Are there people in your life that you
admire? What have you learned from
them?
Roman Culture
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WHAT WAS ROMAN ART LIKE?
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Romans got a lot of their artistic ideas from
the Romans.
The difference was that Greek art showed
perfect of a person, while Roman art showed
the imperfections of a person.
Roman Culture
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WHAT WAS ROMAN ART LIKE?
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In building, the Romans were the first to
make full use of the arch. These supported
bridges, aqueducts, and buildings.
They also were the first to invent and use
concrete. This made buildings sturdier. Some
still stand today including the Colosseum, the
Pantheon, and some Roman bridges.
Roman Culture
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ROMAN LITERATURE
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Much of Roman writings were based on Greek
works.
The Roman writer Virgil drew many of his
ideas from Homer. He wrote about a Trojan
prince called Aeneas who was the ideal
Roman—brave, self-controlled, and loyal to
the gods.
Roman Culture
Roman Culture
Roman Culture
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ROMAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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Romans learned from the Greek doctor Galen,
who emphasized the importance of anatomy.
Ptolemy was an important scientist who
studied the sky and mapped over 1,000
different stars.
Romans have elaborate aqueducts to get
water to the people and also a sewage system
to remove waste.
Reading Check
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How was the character Aeneas an ideal
Roman?
Answer: Virgil gave him the
characteristics of an ideal Roman-brave,
self-controlled, and loyal to the gods.
Daily Life in Rome
Daily Life in Rome
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The rich and poor had very different lives
in Rome, as did men and women.
Do you think there is a big difference in
the lives of boys and girls you know
today? Why or why not?
Daily Life in Rome
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Rome was one of the largest cities of the ancient
world.
People often lived in apartment buildings that
were up to 6 stories high.
It was a dirty place, people throw trash on the
grounds from their apartments, and thieves
roamed the streets at night.
The government provided bread an
entertainment to citizens to prevent rioting.
Daily Life in Rome
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Gladiator fights were one of the most
popular forms of entertainment.
Gladiators were admired, much like sports
heroes are today.
They were usually criminals, enslaved
people or poor people.
Daily Life in Rome
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WHAT WAS FAMILY LIKE
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The father was the head of the house.
He carried out strict discipline and decided and
arranged marriages.
The household was called the paterfamilias, which
means father of the family.”
These families made sure their children were
educated.
Between the ages of 14 and 16 a boy became a man.
This was celebrated by burning their toys as offerings
to the gods.
Daily Life in Rome
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Women in Rome had rights if they came
from a wealthy family.
They could own land and take care of
public affairs.
Women who were not in wealth still have
rights to go out if they wished, but when
going out had to sit separate from the
men.
Daily Life in Rome
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ROMAN RELIGION
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They worshipped many gods and goddesses.
Roman emperors were also worshipped which
strengthened support for the government.
As the empire grew larger other religions
came about including Christianity.
Reading Check
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Describe the freedoms of upper-class
women that were not available to women
of other classes.
Answer: Only upper-class women could
own land, run businesses, sell property,
and go to the theater and amphitheater.