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Beginnings of Christianity From Polytheism to Monotheism Religion and the Roman Empire • Augustus was the leader of Rome and the religious leader of Rome • Rome was a polytheistic society which included many of the beliefs and Gods of the Greeks Zeus – Jupiter Hera – Juno • Believed that refusal to worship gods would bring harm to the empire = government punishment • Romans did allow Jewish people to live in the empire and practice their own religion Jesus and his Teachings • Jesus was born in Bethlehem • Traveled and taught about belief in one God and the Ten Commandments • Taught about a loving and forgiving God • People began to follow his teachings (disciples) and believed he was the messiah coming to bring world peace(Torah) • Some people disagreed and this caused problems among the Jewish people Jesus' Teachings Spread • As Jesus’ followers increased, Roman leaders became concerned of a future army • Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor, ordered he be crucified • After his death, his disciples said that he rose again • They spread the word throughout the empire • The Greek word for messiah is christos and he became known as Jesus Christ Rome and the New Religion • People were allowed to worship, as long as they also worshipped Roman gods • Christians were persecuted for their monotheism • This made Christians hold on more strongly to their beliefs; some chose death rather than follow Roman law (martyrs) Constantine Accepts Christianity • General Constantine was battling to become emperor of Rome • Legend says he saw the Greek word for Christ in the sky with the words “in hoc signo vinces” (in this sign you will conquer) • He ordered his soldiers to paint crosses on their shields, and he believed that was why they won the battle • Constantine became emperor and made Edict of Milan, making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire In hoc signo vinces Ways Christianity Spread • Roman roads and trade made it easy to carry Christian ideas • The apostles, his closest followers, taught about Jesus • Paul, a later apostle, began Christian churches (letter of Paul to the…..) • Edict of Milan The Decline of Rome • Rome was far from the center of the empire • Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium, near the Black Sea • Renamed it Constantinople (the city of Constantine) • People left Rome • Visgoths attacked from the north Rome loses power, but is still the headquarters of the Christian church - Vatican City Rome splits into Eastern and Western Eastern part stays strong Western part breaks up into kingdoms Christianity continues to spread