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Before the Roman Empire Split After the Roman Empire Split The Early Byzantine Period: The ‘First Golden Age’' The Christianized eastern part of the Roman Empire, or Byzantine, as it came to be called, continued for another 1100 years. The Early Byzantine Period: The ‘First Golden Age’' An important figure in its earliest years was the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine the Great, who established toleration for Christianity throughout the Roman Empire Constantine the Great Survival of the Byzantine Empire The eastern half of the Roman Empire proved less vulnerable to foreign attack, thanks to its geographic location. Survival of the Byzantine Empire With Constantinople located on a strait, it was extremely difficult to breach the capital's defenses; in addition, the eastern empire had a much shorter common frontier with Europe. Constantinople Hippodrome The word hippodrome comes from the Greek hippos, horse, and dromos, path or way. The Hippodrome of Constantinople was a horseracing track that was the sporting and social centre of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire and the largest city in Europe. Horse racing and chariot racing were popular pastimes in the ancient world and hippodromes were common features of Greek cities in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine eras. Hippodrome Hagia Sophia It was built by Justinian I between 532 and 537 Hagia Sophia is the supreme masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. The grand dome of the Hagia Sophia, an impressive technical feat for its time, is often thought to symbolize the infinity of the cosmos signified by the Holy Soul to which the church was dedicated. It took five years to reconstruct the dome after it collapsed in an earthquake in 557. Hagia Sophia