* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Development of Sociology
Survey
Document related concepts
Symbolic interactionism wikipedia , lookup
Social constructionism wikipedia , lookup
Social network wikipedia , lookup
Public sociology wikipedia , lookup
Index of sociology articles wikipedia , lookup
Differentiation (sociology) wikipedia , lookup
Social exclusion wikipedia , lookup
Social development theory wikipedia , lookup
Sociology of terrorism wikipedia , lookup
Sociology of culture wikipedia , lookup
Social group wikipedia , lookup
Structural functionalism wikipedia , lookup
Social Darwinism wikipedia , lookup
Sociological theory wikipedia , lookup
History of sociology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Development of Sociology Development in 19th Century Europe • Causes: – Industrialization and urbanization caused many social changes and highlighted the impact of society on the individual – Scientific Revolution inspired many to study social issues in a systematic way • Sociology = study of human social behavior and institutions in a scientific manner Early European Sociologists • Primarily from France, Germany, and Great Britain – – – – – – Auguste Comte Harriet Martineau Herbert Spencer Karl Marx Emile Durkheim Max Weber August Comte (1798-1857, France) • Father of sociology • One of first to apply scientific methods to social issues • Coined term “sociology” and believed it should be based on knowledge we can be positive is true (positivism) • Studied social change to promote progress Harriet Martineau (1802-1876, England) • Used detached reporting to study American society and its promise of democracy • Made connection between oppression of women and slavery • Advocated that scholars should try to improve society not just study it Herbert Spencer (1830-1903, England) • • • Believed in biological model to society- society is a set of interdependent parts Father of social Darwinismnatural social selection would ensure “survival of the fittest” Sociologists and others should not interfere with social developments or problems Karl Marx (1818-1883, Germany) • Father of communism • Saw structure of economy as a major influence on society • Believed imbalance of power between classes would lead to conflict • Emphasized role conflict plays in social change and led to development of conflict theory Emile Durkheim (1858-1917, France) • Developed first sociology course • Believed in only focusing on observable social phenomena • Focus on the specific function each part of society played in its maintenance • Saw groups as separate from the individuals that form them Max Weber (1864-1920, Prussia) • Focused on effects of society on individual • Believed sociologists should attempt to uncover people’s feelings through the meanings people attach to their actions (verstehen) • Employed concept of the ideal type against which social reality can be measured American Contributions • Built on European work as US experienced its own Industrial Revolution • First department of sociology at University of Chicagofocused on group interactions and finding practical solutions to social problems • Expanded focus to marginalized groups – Jane Addams – W.E.B Du Bois Jane Addams (1860-1935, US) • Studied urban poor and provided first serious discussion on effects of industrialization and urbanization • Focused on imbalance of power of social classes • Developed Chicago’s Hull House to help immigrants and poor W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963, US) • Used empirical community studies to show the significance of race in American society • Attacked assumption that African American were an inferior race • Worked to help blacks with development of NAACP Who is considered to be the father of sociology? Max Weber Herbert Spencer Auguste Comte Karl Marx rl M ar x 0% Ka Au gu st e pe nc e tS He r be r ax 0% Co m te 0% r W eb er 0% M A. B. C. D. Who is the father of communism and studied conflict? Max Weber Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim Karl Marx ile Em Ka Du r kh e pe nc e tS He r be r ax 0% rl M ar x 0% im 0% r W eb er 0% M A. B. C. D. Who was the father of social Darwinism (social natural selection)? Max Weber Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim Harriet Martineau 0% u in ea ar t kh e Ha r rie tM Du r Em be r He r ile tS W eb ax 0% im 0% pe nc er er 0% M A. B. C. D. Who focused on individuals’ interactions and feelings? Max Weber Jane Addams Herbert Spencer W.E.B. Du Bois 0% Du .E .B . W He r be r tS pe nc e r Bo is 0% dd am s 0% eA Ja n ax W eb er 0% M A. B. C. D. All of the following believed sociologists should attempt to solve social problems EXCEPT Jane Addams Harriet Martineau W.E.B. Du Bois Herbert Spencer Auguste Comte 0% Co m r Au gu st e He r be r tS Du .E .B . W pe nc e u in ea 0% te 0% Bo is 0% ar t rie tM Ha r eA dd am s 0% Ja n A. B. C. D. E. Synthesis • What were some of the main ideas and theories that developed during the 1800s and early 1900s about sociology? • Which sociologist do you think was most important?