Download What is communication?

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NOTES
What is communication?
Definition
Types:
Verbal communication
Nonverbal communication
Non verbal communication
• Communication by means of elements and behaviours that are
not coded into words.
• Used to express superiority, dependence, dislike, respect, love,
and other feelings.
• Less structured so difficult to study
• Vary from culture to culture or gender.
Importance of non verbal communication
According to research conducted by Albert Mehrabian it is shown that when
someone has given a spoken message, only 7% of the listener understanding and
judgment of the message comes from the words themselves, 38% from the way the
message was spoken (accent, tone, inflection etc.) and 55% from the speaker body
language (facial expressions, eye contact etc.)
Why do we study nonverbal communication?
• Nonverbal messages communicate emotions.
• Nonverbal messages are seen as more reliable.
• Is strongly related to verbal communication.
Types Of Non-Verbal Communication
• Kinesics
•Proxemics
•Chronemics
•Haptics
•Appearances
•Facial Expression
•Voice
Kinesics
Gestures
Postures
Proxemics
• People often refer to their need for “personal space,”
which is also an important type of nonverbal
communication.
• The personal distance needed when speaking to a
crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.
Chronemics
• Chronemics is the study of use of time in non verbal
communication.
Haptics
• This involves the use of touch to impart meaning as in a handshake,
a pat on the back, an arm around the shoulder, a kiss, or a hug.
• Touch can communicate many different things, such as affection,
playfulness, decisiveness, assurance and urgency, to name just a few.
• There are four universally recognized aspects of touching, all of
which communicate varying emotions and intentions.
• The first is the professional touch, used, for example, by
businesspeople.
• The second is the social/polite touch, used by acquaintances
• The third is the friendly touch, which could be used by close friends
or close businesspeople and colleagues
• The fourth and most intense touch is known as intimate touch,
which is usually reserved for couples expressing love and affection
Appearance
• Appearance has important implications as a non
verbal communication.
• Includes;
• clothing, hairstyle, overall cleanliness, cosmetics, – all
transmit messages.
• A person’s physical appearance can affect the
impression others receive of his/her credibility,
trustworthiness, competence, judgment or status
Facial Expressions
• One’s facial area (eyes, eye brows, forehead, mouth, and
chin) is more capable of communicating nonverbally than
any other part of the human body.
• Sends messages about one’s happiness,
sadness, anger, frustration, disgust, fear, or surprise.
• In fact, we generally do not have to ask people if
they are happy or sad – their faces reveal their present
emotional state
VOICE
• The meaning of words can be altered significantly by changing the
tone of one's voice.
• Voice mannerism also communicates messages about the sender’s
emotional state;
• Excitement is communicated by a high-pitched voice and rapid rate of speaking.
• Messages communicated in anger are often accompanied by a loud speaking voice
• Seriousness and sadness are communicated by a low pitched voice
• Pauses may indicate uncertainty on the part of the sender
Problems of studying nonverbal
communication
• Nonverbal cues can be ambiguous
• Nonverbal cues are continuous
• Nonverbal cues are multi-channel
• Nonverbal cues are culture-bound
Chinese President’s
visit to the US
US Presidents
visit to China
Case Study: A shoulder shrug
• The Expression of Emotion Through
Nonverbal Behavior in Medical Visits Richard Frankel
• What patients don't say can be just as
important as what they do.
• Mutual influence of patients on
physicians and physicians on patients.
• Inferences
Survey: Most Patients Want To Shake
Hands With Their Physicians
• Gregory Makoul - Archives of Internal Medicine
• The survey found that, among patients:
78.1 percent wanted physicians to shake their
hands
50.4 percent wanted their first names used
during greetings, 17.3 percent preferred their
last name and 23.6 percent favored the physician
using both first and last names
• Inferences
CONCLUSION