Download Ch05 - Nonverbal Communication

Essentials of Human
Communication,
7th Edition
Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of
the City University
of New York
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Five:
Nonverbal Communication
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Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005
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Chapter Five Goals
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Use nonverbal messages to communicate in
a variety of ways
Use appropriate and effective types of
nonverbal communication
Communicate appropriately based on gender
and culture
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Facts about Nonverbal Communication
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Nonverbal communication conveys more
meaning than verbal communication.
Liars avoid eye contact.
Studying nonverbal communication will
enable you to detect lying.
Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal
communication is universal throughout the
world.
When verbal and nonverbal messages
contradict each other, it’s wise to believe the
nonverbal.
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions of Nonverbal
Communication
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Integration with verbal messages
Forming impressions
Defining relationships
Structuring conversation
Influencing and deceiving
Expressing emotions
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Channels of Nonverbal
Communication: Body Communication
Body Movements
 Emblems
 Illustrators
 Affect displays
 Regulators
 Adaptors
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“OK” sign
Emblem
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Hands far apart when talking of
something large
Illustration
Expressions of happiness
Affect display
Hand signaling “slow down”
Regulator
Scratching your head
Adaptor
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What are some
other examples?
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Body Appearance
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Height/weight
Race/nationality
Attractiveness
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Facial Communication
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Happiness
Surprise
Fear
Anger
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Sadness
Disgust
Contempt
Interest
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Eye Communication
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Duration
Direction
Quality and Quantity
Avoidance
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Spatial Communication
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Intimate space: 0 – 18 inches
Personal space: 18”– 4 feet
Social space: 4’ – 12’
Public space: 12’ and beyond
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Skill Development Experience: Sitting
at a Company Meeting
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Territoriality
“possessiveness of primary, secondary,
or public space”
 Central markers: reserves a space
 Boundary markers: sets space
between your space and others’
 Earmarkers: identifies one’s
possessions
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Artifactual Communication
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“communicating through objects and
arrangements”
Color
Clothing and body adornment
Space decoration
Smell communication
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Touch Communication
Meanings of Touch
 Positive emotions
 Playfulness
 Control
 Ritual
 Task-Related
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Touch Avoidance
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People avoid touch for a number of reasons:
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Age
Culture
Gender
Self-image
Many factors enter into a person’s
willingness to touch and be touched by
others.
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Paralanguage
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Rate, volume, pitch, and rhythm of speaking
Vocal dimensions of speech
Judgments about people
Judgments about communication
effectiveness
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Functions of Silence
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Time to think, prepare
Signal importance of a message
Used as a weapon
Behavior/Response to personal anxiety
Communicate emotional responses
Nothing to say
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Time Communication
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Time orientation
Monochronic time orientation
Polychronic time orientation
Social clock
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Culture, Gender, and Nonverbal
Communication
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Gestures
Facial expression and eye movements
Colors
Touch
Paralanguage and silence
Time
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Decoding Nonverbal Messages
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Be tentative
Be mindful of
judgments
Consider all
message
channels
Be aware that you
could be wrong
Consider cultural
conditions
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Encoding Nonverbal Messages
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Keep verbal and nonverbal messages
consistent
Monitor your own nonverbal messages
Avoid extremes and monotony
Consider the situation
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.