Download What is Communication_ppt_4

Chapter One
Communication and Its Components
What is Communication?
• Communication is a process of
transmitting and receiving verbal and
nonverbal messages.
What is Communication? … Cont’d
• Communication is considered effective
when it achieves the desired response
from the receiver.
• Simple stated, communication is a twoway process of exchanging ideas or
information.
Verbal communication
Verbal Communication refers to the spoken or written words you send or receive.
Oral
Written
One-on-one conversations
Memorandums
Meetings
Letters
Phone calls
Email
Presentations
Reports
Videoconferences
Miscellaneous
4
Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication refers to messages without the use of words.
1. Body Language
Appearance
2. Facial Expressions
Eye Contact
Posture
Gesture
3. Vocal Cues
Pitch
Rate
4. Space and Time
Volume
Touch
5
Body Language is Everybody’s
First Language
• From birth, before learning to
speak, humans develop body
language skills
• Specifically, ATTENTION is what
we learn first
• Crying, making noise, and sudden
movements are all babies’
attempts to gain attention
Warming up
• What is the feeling of the baby?
smile
surprise
cry
happy
angry
fear
Warming up II
• Match each picture with the emotion and correct
sentence.
Legs & Feet
* In Asia and some European countries,
putting feet up on a desk or any other
piece of furniture is very disrespectful.
* Sitting cross-legged, while common in
North America and some European
countries, is very impolite in other parts of
the world.
Hands
* The Italian “good-bye” wave can be
interpreted by Americans as the gesture of
“come here.”
* The American “good-bye” wave can be
interpreted in many parts of Europe and Latin
America as the signal for “no.”
* For greeting and farewell
* Handshaking
Hands
Hands
• Friends put hands on each other to show
closeness.
* Hand-holding among the same sex is a
custom of special friendship and respect in
several Middle Eastern and Asian countries.
Hands
* Right hand. The right hand has special
significance in many societies. In certain
countries in the Middle East and in Asia, it
is best to present business cards or gifts,
or to pass dishes of food, to get an
attention, using only the right hand or both.
* Left hand is considered unclean in much
of the Middle East and in parts of
Indonesia.
Fingers
* The “O.K.” signal. (the thumb and
forefinger form a circle) means
*
*
*
*
“fine,” or “O.K.” in most cultures,
“zero” or “worthless” in some parts of Europe
“money” in Japan
an insult in Greece, Brazil, Italy, Turkey,
Russia and some other countries
Fingers
* Pointing.
* Pointing with the index
finger is common in North
America and Europe.
* But it is considered impolite
in Japan and China where
they favor using the whole
open hand.
* Malaysians prefer pointing
with the thumb.
Communication is Complex
•
There are various reasons why communication
is complex:
1. Communication is More Than Speaking and
Listening
2. Communication is Transactional
Person One
Person Two
Speaking
Listening
Listening
Speaking
3. Communication Depends on Feedback
Feedback refers to the verbal and nonverbal
messages listeners send that tells speakers how
they are doing.
Communication is Complex
•
There are various reasons why communication
is complex:
4. Communication is Blocked by Interference
“Interference or Noise” refers to something that
blocks a listener’s ability to receive a message.
External interference such as loud music, or car.
Internal interference such as personal worries,
daydreaming, or physical illness.
5. Communication Occurs in a Context
Context refers to the situation in which you are
communicating.
You will adapt your messages to time, place,
occasion, and people involved. You will consider
listener’s culture and expectations.
Understanding the Context
Components of Communication
• Communication includes six components:
– Context
– Sender-Encoder
– Message
– Medium
– Receiver-Decoder
– Feedback
Important Term
• Noise or Barrier
– Anything which reduces a communication’s
clarity and accuracy
Message
Medium
SENDER
RECEIVER
Barriers
Feedback
Barriers
Determining the Number of
Communications Channels
 As the number of people involved increases, the
complexity of communications increases because
there are more communications channels or
pathways through which people can
communicate.
 Number of communications channels = n(n-1)
2
where n is the number of people involved.
The Impact of the Number of People on
Communications Channels