Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 2 New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, 2200BCE-250 BCE Essential Questions • What was the basis of the status, power, and wealth of elite groups in each society, and how did they dominate the rest of the population? • How did the technological and cultural influences of older centers affect the formation of the new civilizations? • Why did societies in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres acquire complex organizations and potent technologies at different times and in different sequences? Early China, 2000-221 B.C. – Isolated civilization • What does this have to do with slavery? • Geographic Barriers – Mountains (Himalaya), deserts, jungles, ocean – Chinese encountered nomadic invaders • How were they viewed? • Main Regions – Heartland along the east coast • Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangzi River – Loess- China Under the Shang 1750-1027 B.C. – By 2000 B.C. the early Chinese began to make ________. – Chinese history begins with the rise of power of the Shang clans, which coincides with the first written documents and records. • What was the relationship with the Shang and nomadic people of the steppe and dessert regions? – Prisoners of war lead to: • Consulting the Ancestors – Divination– Bronze • A Difficult Study – Kanji – Calligraphy – Different languages same written system The Zhou Dynasty 1027-221 B.C. – In 1027 B.C., the Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty • The Mandate of Heaven– Propaganda- • Changes in the new dynasty: • Continuity: • Economic Growth – Iron in 500 B.C. led to what changes? – New roads, increased population – Collected taxes, had standardized money • Contributions – Learned horseback riding, first to forge steel • Legalism- Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Society • Confucius was born as Kongzi in 551 B.C – His philosophy and purpose of teachings: – (ren) – Know your role • Filial piety • Government’s responsibility was to.. • His ideas spread _____ his death throughout: China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Daoism: The Unspoken Way • Not concerned with bringing order to human affairs, instead it sought to live in harmony with nature. Changes in Social Organization • Private property • Decline of clans • Women in a subordinate position. What Chinese philosophy justified this? EESPRITE Olmec Chavin