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Early Civilization in India
The Land of India - Geography
• India’s geography is
very diverse
• The _______, the
highest mountains in
the world, are in the
north
• Two major river valleys
are the ______ River
valley and the _______
River valley
The Land of India – The
Monsoon
• The monsoon is a seasonal _______
________ in southern Asia.
• One monsoon blows warm, moist air from the
southwest during the summer.
• Another monsoon blows cold, dry air from the
northeast during winter.
• The southwest monsoon brings heavy
_______.
• How does the monsoon affect Indian
farmers?
• Answer:
India’s First Civilization
• Early Indian civilizations started in river
valleys – just like they did in
Mesopotamia and _________.
• Economies were based on ______.
• Indus valley civilization traded with citystates in Mesopotamia.
• Much of the trade occurred by ship via
the ________ ______.
The Arrival of the Aryans – Who
Were The Aryans?
• Natural disasters weakened the Indus
civilization and the _______ brought its final
end.
• The Aryans were a group of ________ people
who moved through India around 1500 B.C.
• They were excellent at the art of _____ and
eventually, they controlled all of India.
The Arrival of the Aryans – Aryan
Ways of Life
• Aryans were pastoral nomads before
they arrived in India.
• In India, they gave up the pastoral life
to become _________.
• As nomads, the Aryans had no written
________. When they settled in India,
they developed their first ________
system, Sanskrit, around 1000 B.C.
The Arrival of the Aryans – Aryan
Ways of Life
• Writing enabled the Aryans to record
their traditions, legends, and rituals.
• Early Sanskrit writings tell us that Aryan
_______, or princes, attacked each
other’s fortresses and seized ________,
cattle, and ________.
Society in Ancient India – The
Caste System
• The caste system was a set of rigid social
categories that determined not only a
person’s job and economic potential, but also
his or her position in __________. It was
partly based on ______ ______.
• There were five major castes in ancient
times. The top two classes were the priests
and the warriors; they were the rulers.
Assignment
10 minutes!
• According the Rig Veda, the ancient Hindu book, the primal man
- Purush - destroyed himself to create a human society. The
different castes were created from different parts of his body.
The Brahmans were created from his head; the Kshatriyas from
his hands; the Vaisyas from his thighs and the Sudras from his
feet.
• Directions: Using your textbook and your imagination, draw an
artistic representation of each of the 5 castes within the Caste
System. Use whatever means your imagination takes you to use
(crayons, markers, pencil, abstract art, etc). Make sure and label
each caste with the name and with a number, Brahmans #1,
Kshatriyas #2, Vaisyas #3, Sudras #4, and the Untouchables
#5. Have fun with this!!
Society in Ancient India – Family
Life
• Families were __________ – the oldest
male in the house had legal authority
over the entire family.
• Marriages were ________.
• Children were expected to take care of
their ________ as they grew older.
Hinduism
• Hinduism had its origins in the
religious beliefs of the Aryans.
• Early Hindus believed in the
existence of a single force in the
universe. This force is known as
Brahman.
• Every individual’s duty is to seek
to know this force. After death,
the individual would become one
with Brahman.
Hinduism
• By the sixth century B.C., ____________ had
appeared.
• Reincarnation is the belief that a person’s soul
is _______ in a different form after death.
After this happens several times, the soul
eventually becomes one with Brahman.
• ________ is the force that determines how a
person will be reborn in their next life.
• ________, the divine law, requires everyone
to do their duty. Duties vary, depending on a
person’s caste.
Hinduism
• In order to achieve oneness with God
(Brahman), Hindus developed yoga, a ______
of _______ designed to lead to a union with
God.
• Most Indians wanted a more concrete view of
God, so they developed more than 33,000
gods.
• ___________ is the religion of most Indian
people.
Buddhism – The Story of the
Buddha
• Buddhism appeared in northern
India in the sixth century B.C.
• The founder of Buddhism was
Siddhartha Gautama. He is known
as the Buddha, or “Enlightened
One.”
• Buddha was born in what is now
Nepal. His family was very
________.
• In his late twenties, however, he
gave up all of his ________ and set
off to find the true ________ of life.
Buddhism – The Story of the
Buddha
• Buddha began to practice asceticism, the
practice of self-denial to achieve an
understanding of ultimate reality.
• After nearly dying of starvation, Buddha
began a period of intense _________.
During this time, he reached enlightenment
as to the meaning of life.
• He spent the rest of his life ________ what
he had discovered.
Buddhism – Basic Principles
• The physical surroundings of humans are
illusions.
• Pain, poverty, and sorrow are caused by a
person’s ________ to the things of this world.
• Once they let go of these things, pain and
sorrow can be forgotten.
• Next, a person achieves wisdom.
• After wisdom, a person achieves nirvana –
________ _______ – and they are united
with the Great World Soul.
Buddhism – Basic Principles
• Buddha accepted the Hindu idea of
reincarnation, but he rejected the
________ system.
• He taught that all humans could reach
nirvana. This made Buddhism more
appealing to members of the lower
castes.
Early Chinese Civilizations
pg. 88-97
The Geography of China
• The
Yellow River
stretches across
China for more than
2,900 miles.
• The Yellow River
valley became one of
the great foodproducing areas of
the ancient world.
The Shang Dynasty
• China under the Shang Dynasty was a mostly
farming society ruled by an _________ whose
major concern was ____.
• Aristocracy – an upper class whose wealth is
based on ______ and whose power is passed from
one _________ to another
The Shang Dynasty
• The king and his family were at the
_____ of society.
• Oracle Bones
• Early Chinese people had a strong
belief in life after ______.
• Ancestor ________ developed
during this time.
The Zhou Dynasty
• The Zhou Dynasty was the
______-_______dynasty in
Chinese history.
• It lasted for almost 800
years.
• Like the Shang Dynasty, the
Zhou Dynasty was also ruled
by a King.
• During this time, the
Chinese began to develop a
theory of government called
the Mandate of _______.
The Zhou Dynasty – The
Mandate of Heaven
• The Mandate of Heaven said that the
Zhou Dynasty kings had direct _______
from heaven to rule and to keep
______ in the universe.
• Kings were expected to rule according
to the Dao.
• Dao – the proper “____”
Filial Piety
• At the heart of the concept of family
in China was the idea of filial piety.
• Filial Piety describes a system in
which every family member had his
or her place.
• Male supremacy was a key element
in the social system.
• The male was important because he
was responsible for providing food
for his family.
• Women raised children and worked
in the home. On occasion, women
were involved in politics.
The Chinese Philosophies
• Confucianism – the system
of political and ethical ideas
formulated by the Chinese
philosopher Confucius
toward the end of the Zhou
Dynasty
• It was intended to help
restore order to a society that
was in a state of confusion.
The Qin Dynasty
• The first Qin emperor (Qin Shihuangdi)
unified the Chinese world. He created a
single monetary system and began
building a system of roads.
• The first Qin emperor began building
the Great Wall of China to protect
against invaders.
The Han Dynasty
• The Han Dynasty was a period of
great prosperity (good fortune).
• Confucianism became the basis
for a new government philosophy.
• The population of China
increased rapidly, and China
began expanding into nearby
areas of Asia.
• Inventions: iron casting
technology led to the invention of
steel. And paper was developed
at this time.
Culture in Qin and Han China
• Farmers discovered an army of
terra-cotta warriors in 1974.
• It is believed to be a recreation of the first Qin
emperor’s royal guard and was
meant to travel with him to the
next world.
• Along with the figures are
horses, wooden chariots and
bronze weapons. They were
slightly larger than life-size.