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600 CE to 1450 CE Rise of Islam Medieval Europe & Byzantines Rise of Islam • • • • • Empire of common culture, cosmopolitan Qur’an Five Pillars, Ka’ba Mecca and Medina Split between Shia and Sunni, caliph Umayyad Dynasty • • • • Arabic becomes official govt language People converted to avoid a tax Attacked Constantinople, but failed Advanced into Spain, 732 CE – Charles Martel (Frank) stopped their advance • Dome of the Rock is built • Split happens between Sunni & Shi’itecausing it’s demise Abbasid Dynasty • • • • 750-1258 CE mid 800s—Golden Age Capital moves to Baghdad Trade – Credit – Innovation—steel, medical, algebra, • Preserved Western knowledge • Tolerant of local customs Dar al’Islam Women in Islam • Traditional Arabian society – Women didn’t have property rights – Men kept dowry if divorced – Female infanticide • Qu’ran (651 CE) – Treated with more dignity – Return dowry if divorce – Equal before Allah – Infanticide was forbidden – Mohammad’s 1st wife was a successful business-women – Polygamy as long as treated equal – Testimony in court given ½ the weight – Veiled in public—Mesopotamia and Persia • Over time became more patriarchal Sufis • • • • Islamic mystics Effective missionaries Personal relationship with Allah Converted large #s of people to Islam Fall of Islamic Empire • Internal struggles and civil wars – Sunni and Shi’ite sects – succession • External problems – Persians, Europeans, Byzantines • Mongols 1258 CE – Fled to Egypt • Ottoman Turks reunite Egypt, Syria and Arabia and lasts till 1918 Byzantine Empire • • • • • Constantinople Highly centralized government Orthodox—split with Rome Justinian—Code & Hagia Sophia Impacts Russia Note of Change: As the Empire Turns • Separate from Rome geographically • Married by religion then divorce C/c Religion & State in Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy • • • • • Secular in the East; religious in the West Rome centralized religion—Latin Orthodoxy—localized—local language West—power stayed the Church East—power in the State West—Medieval Europe • • • • • • Viking and other nomadic raidsfeudalism Code of chivalry Primogeniture Scholasticism Crusades Inquisition Rise of the Nation-State • William the Conqueror • Magna Carta • Isabella and Ferdinand C/C Ancient with Middle Ages • Agricultural surplusescities • Formed complicated institutions • Arts and sciences C/C Feudal Europe & Islam • • • • Islamic traders traded with the world European lords governed the manor Baghdad became the center for learning Europe very local and mainly religious education China • Tang dynasty got so big that it collapsed – Poetry – Civil service exam—bureaucracy • Song dynasty reunified – – – – – – Practical encyclopedias and histories Printing press Civil service exam—bureaucracy Transportation/canal networks for communication Paper money and credit Chinese junks • Fell to the Mongols—Yuan dynasty • Ming dynasty in 1368 Chinese Women • Tang – Wu Zhao—1st Empress – Ruthless toward adversaries – Compassionate toward peasants Patriarchical—inferior, but with feminine virtues worth protecting Foot-binding Chinese Religion • Diverse during Han: Nestorians, Manicheans, Zorastrians, and Islam • Buddhism impacted the most – Appealed b/c of peace and meditation – Drain on the treasury b/c advocates end to earthly gain China Civil Service Exam • Stability b/c stayed in effect when dynasties changed • Leaders depended on the bureaucracy • Earned by strong performance • Meritocracy opposed to aristocracy • Similar to US b/c chg in President doesn’t change Congress Japan • • • • • • • Influenced by China and Korea Yamato 1st ruling clan Shinto Buddhist missionaries Modeled after Tang Both held education in high esteem Fujiwara—Feudal Japan C/C Europe & Japan • Similar political, social and honor code • Europe based on legal contract • Japan based on group identity India • Delhi Sultanate • Islam spread throughout N. India • Hindu temples were destroyed Rise and Fall of Mongols • Horseman, clan in-fighting kept them from uniting • Genghis Khan unified and invaded China • Separate hordes invaded Russia, middle east and India • Pax Mongolica • Continued exchange, but no major impact on culture and stifled some growth Mongols • • • • Most became Muslim Diffused culture Didn’t mix with Kept Russia from advancing as far as Europe • Brought the world together through trade Africa • Mansa Musa—Mali • Built Timbuktu • Pilgrimmage to Mecca • Oral literature Americas • Maya • Aztecs • Incas
