Download John Quincy Adams

Chapter 7
Foreign Affairs in the
Early Republic
Section Three - Foreign Relations
US 8.5, 8.5.1, 8.5.2,
Looking Back, Looking
Ahead
In Section 2, you learned about the War of
1812. In this section you will read about the
United State’s relations with foreign countries
in the postwar period.
Focusing on the Main
Idea
After the War of 1812, a new spirit of
nationalism took hold in American society.
In 1823 the United States proclaimed its
dominant role in the Americas with the Monroe
Doctrine.
Places to Know
Louisiana Territory
Oregon Country
Spanish East Florida
Mexico
People to Know
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Miguel Hidalgo
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Vocabulary to Know
disarmament
demilitarize
court-martial
establish
demonstrate
policy
Did You Know?
John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush have
something in common— they both are
presidents with fathers who also served as
president of the United States.
What Was the Era of
Good Feelings?
The Era of Good Feelings was the time after
the War of 1812 when a sense of national unity
was forged in America.
Who Was in Charge?
President James Monroe represented a united
America free of political strife.
He toured the nation, and everywhere he went
people celebrated his visit.
John Quincy Adams, Monroe’s secretary of
state, worked to resolve disputes with the
British because America needed good relations
with the European power.
What Was the RushBagot Treaty?
The Rush-Bagot Treaty sets limits on the
number of naval vessels Britain and the United
States could have on the Great Lakes.
The treaty also provided for disarmament, the
removal of weapons, along the border between
the United States and British Canada.
What Agreements Were Between the
US and Britain?
The United States and Britain worked together to
set the American- Canadian boundary farther
west.
In a second agreement with Britain, Americans set
the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between
the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel.
The countries agreed to a demilitarized border—
a border without armed forces.
Americans also gained the right to settle in
Oregon Country, a vast area extending from
California to Alaska.
Who Controlled the
Oregon Country?
In the early 1800s, Spain, Britain, Russia, and the
United States claimed Oregon Country.
Spain and Russia eventually gave up their claims,
which left Britain and the United States with
claims. Both countries based their claims on
explorations of fur trappers and traders.
American presence in Oregon Country grew, and
in the Treaty of 1846, Britain and the United
States divided Oregon.
What Were Our Relations
with Spain?
The United States and Spain worked to settle
disputes over borders in Florida.
In 1818 General Andrew Jackson went beyond his
instructions and invaded Spanish East Florida,
seizing control of two Spanish forts.
The Spanish minister to the United States protested
Jackson’s actions. Secretary of War John Calhoun
said that Jackson should be court-martialed—tried
by a military court—but Secretary of State John
Quincy Adams disagreed
What Was the AdamsOnis Treaty?
The raid demonstrated the strength of the U.S.
military, and Spain agreed to the Adams-Onís
Treaty, in which Spain gave East Florida to the
United States and abandoned all claims to
West Florida.
Who Was Struggling
for Frontier Lands?
Spanish officials tried to keep Americans out of
western territories held by Spain, but they
found this to be increasingly difficult.
Why Did Mexico
Change Its Policy?
Mexico won its freedom from Spain in 1821
and gained control of the western territories.
The Mexican government welcomed American
traders and settlers into its lands, but later
questioned this policy.
What Conflicts Were
With
Mexico?
The United States tried to buy territory from Mexico,
but Mexico refused.
American settlers in Texas revolted, and Texas gained
its independence in 1836 and statehood in 1845.
These events angered Mexico. Mexico and the United
States went to war the following year, and Mexico was
defeated. The two countries signed a peace treaty in
1848, giving the United States what is today California,
Arizona, and New Mexico, as well as other western
states.
Discussion Question
Why did the Mexicans think they had
made a mistake when they let American
settlers into Mexican territory?
(American settlers were troublesome.
They disliked and resisted Mexican laws
and customs. They also felt the United
States had a right to expand its territory
from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean.)
What Were Relations Like
With Latin America?
The United States supported Latin American
colonies when they began their struggles for
independence from Spain and Portugal.
Who Was Miguel
Hidalgo?
Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led a
rebellion against the Spanish government of
Mexico.
Although Hidalgo was executed, Mexico
gained its independence in 1821 and control of
northern lands.
Who Was Simon
Bolivar?
Simón Bolívar led a movement that won
freedom for the present-day countries of
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and
Ecuador
Who Was Jose de San
Martin?
José de San Martín achieved independence
for Chile and Peru.
Americans hoped the independence of Latin
American colonies would increase trade
between the United States and Latin America
and help spread American ideals.
What Was the Monroe
Doctrine?
France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia wanted to
help Spain regain its American holdings.
President Monroe declared that the Americas
were no longer to be considered for
colonization by European powers.
Monroe warned that no European country
should interfere in United States affairs. The
president’s proclamation was later called the
Monroe Doctrine.
Discussion Question
Why did Americans want Latin
American colonies to be independent?
(Independence of Latin American
colonies would weaken Spain.
Americans also hoped to trade with
Latin America once Spain no longer
controlled the region.)
Section 3 Review page
367
1. Why did America support the Latin American
countries in their fight for independence?
2. What were the provisions of the Monroe
Doctrine?
3. Why do you think the United States wanted
dominance over most of the territories in North
America?