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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Section 3.1 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM What is the purpose of the respiratory system? • Responsible for absorbing oxygen from the air and removing carbon dioxide from the blood • The main parts are trachea, lungs and diaphragm • Contained within the chest cavity, which is surrounded and protected by the rib cage BREATHING How do we breathe? Breathing – the regular movement of air into and out of the lungs •Breathing is automatic, meaning that it is controlled by the body - conscious breathing only controls how deeply or how fast we breathe - diaphragm and muscles between the ribs contract and relax to allow you to breathe •Diaphragm – large, thin sheet of muscle that spreads across the chest cavity below the lungs BREATHING - Inhalation • Inhalation: taking air into your lungs - Diaphragm contracts and flattens, rib muscles contract Inhalation Exhalation - Chest cavity becomes larger (volume increases); therefore pressure decreases. - Air is forced into the lungs BREATHING - Exhalation • Exhalation: releasing air from your lungs - diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped, rib muscles relax - chest cavity becomes smaller (volume decreases); therefore, pressure increases. - air is forced out of the lungs AIR TRAVEL • nasal cavity and/or mouth: where air enters body • epiglottis: a flap of tissue at the top of the trachea that covers of opening of the trachea to prevent food or water from accidentally going into the lungs • trachea: hard, ridged tube that leads air into the lungs - ridges are rings of cartilage that keep the trachea open • bronchi: smaller tubes that deliver air to small air sacs in the lungs (called alveoli) RESPIRATION • Respiration is the process of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood (exchange of O2 and CO2) • ‘Breathing’ is the mechanical movement of air into and out of lungs RESPIRATION • Oxygen from the air diffuses through cell membranes into the bloodstream, where it is then distributed to all the cells in the body • Carbon dioxide (a waste product of cells) diffuses through cell membranes to the bloodstream, where it is then returned to the lungs to be exhaled • The alveoli is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place