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The Respiratory System Section 37-3 Respiration Process of gas exchange The release of carbon dioxide and the Uptake of oxygen between the lungs and the environment Function To exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and tissues Structures Nose & mouth Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Trachea Bronchi lungs Flowchart Movement of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide In and Out of the Respiratory System Section 37-3 Oxygen-rich air from environment Bronchi Trachea Nasal cavities Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at alveoli Alveoli Bronchioles Pharynx Nasal cavities Carbon dioxide-rich air to the environment Cilia & Mucus To keep lung tissue healthy, air entering the body must be warmed, moistened, & filtered Mucus – moistens air & traps particles of dust and/or smoke Cilia – sweeps trapped particles & mucus away from lungs & pharynx Mucus & tapped particles are either swallowed or spit out This process keeps the lungs clean & open for gas exchange Hemoglobin Oxygen-carrying protein in blood When blood goes into the lungs, the hemoglobin picks up oxygen and carries it to all the tissues in our body It binds with so much oxygen that it increases the oxygencarrying capacity of blood more than 60 times Breathing – movement of air into & out of lungs - no muscles connected to lungs - air pressure drives air into & out of lungs Air exhaled Air inhaled Rib cage descends Rib cage rises Diaphragm Diaphragm Inhalation Exhalation How Breathing is Controlled Only have partial control over breathing Medulla Oblongata controls breathing Autonomic nerves are connected to diaphragm & chest muscles They automatically stimulate them to contract to allow for breathing Medulla Oblongata monitor CO2 levels - when levels get high – send message to breath