Download Unit 5 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems

Chapter 15-Lesson 1-4
The Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic Systems
Why the Blood Circulates
 Your heart pumps blood to your body’s cells 24 hours a day.
 Carrying O2
 Absorbing nutrients
 Carrying CO2
 Delivering other waste products to the kidneys
 Helping white blood cells fight disease
How Blood Circulation Works
 If all of your blood vessels were laid end to end they would
stretch over 60,000 miles
The Heart
 Your heart is the muscle that makes the cardiovascular system
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work.
The heart consists of 4 chambers
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
How Blood Circulates
 Pulmonary circulation-the process by which blood moves
between the heart and the lungs.
 During this process blood that has lost oxygen circulates
again through the lungs to receive fresh oxygen.
Blood
 Delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the cells and
carries away wastes.
 Blood is made up of:
 Plasma-55% of blood
 Red Blood Cells-O2 carrying protein in the blood
 White Blood Cells-Protect against infection in the body
 Platelets-cause blood clots to form
Blood Vessels
 Arteries-carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
 Capillaries-small vessels that carry blood from arterioles and
to small vessels called venules, which empty into veins.
 Veins-blood vessels that return blood to the heart.
How Lymph Circulation Works
 Lymph- the clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells.
 Two types of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells.
Blood Pressure
 A measure of the amount of force that the blood places on
the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is
pumped through the body.
 Measuring blood pressure:
 Systolic pressure-maximum pressure as your heart contracts to
push blood into your arteries.
 Diastolic pressure-the lowest point when your ventricles relax.
 120/80-NORMAL
 140/90-HIGH
Cardiovascular System Problems
 Congenital heart defects
 Heart murmurs
 Varicose veins
 Anemia
 Hemophilia
 Leukemia
The Respiratory System
 The Respiratory System provides oxygen to the blood and
removes carbon dioxide from the body.
 The respiratory system consists of the lungs, trachea, and the
diaphragm.
Respiratory Health
 Physical activity
 Washing your hands
 Covering your mouth when you cough
 Don’t smoke
 Avoid air pollution
GLAMAROUS CALIFORNIA!!!
Respiratory System Problems
 Sinusitis
 Bronchitis
 Asthma
 Pneumonia
 Tuberculosis
 Emphysema
Lesson 3-The Digestive System
 In digestion, foods are broken down and absorbed as
nourishment or eliminated as waste.
 The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, and intestines.
How Digestion Works
 Teeth
 Salivary Glands
 Tongue
 The Esophagus-muscular tube 10 in. long moves food to the
stomach
 The Stomach-(3 roles)
 Mixing food with gastric juices
 Storing partially digested food and liquid
 Moving food into the small intestine.
 Pancreas-produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins
 Liver-produces bile and is important in the breakdown and
absorption of fats
 Gallbladder-where bile is stored
 Small intestine-20-23 feet long, 1 in. in diameter, about 90%
of all nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine.
 Large intestine-5-6 feet long, 2.5 in. in diameter, the large
intestine absorbs water, vitamins, and salts, and eliminates
waste.
Digestive System Problems
 Indigestion
 Constipation
 Heartburn
 Gas
 Nausea
 Diarrhea
Structural Problems
 Tooth decay
 Gastritis
 Peptic ulcer
 Gallstones
 Lactose intolerance
 Appendicitis
 Colitis
 Colon cancer
 Hemorrhoids
 Crohn’s disease
 Cirrhosis
Lesson 4-The Excretory System
 The excretory system uses several organs to remove all types
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of wastes from the body.
Lungs-get rid of CO2
Skin-gets rid of excess water and salts
Large Intestine-gets rid of solid wastes or undigested foods in
the form of feces
Liver-removes toxins from the blood
The Urinary System
 Kidneys-filter and remove wastes from the blood
 Ureters-tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder
 Bladder-hollow muscular organ that holds about 2 cups of
urine comfortably for 2-5 hours.
 Urethra-tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the
body.
Maintaining Your Excretory System
 Drink plenty of water 8-8oz. Glasses of water a day
 Practice good hygiene
 Get regular medical check-ups
 Limit your intake of caffeine
Excretory System Problems
 Cystitis-inflammation of the bladder
 Urethritis-inflammation of the urethra
 Nephritits
 Kidney stones
 Uremia
 Hemodialysis