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The Respiratory System By: Lindsey Fischer and Danielle Frezza Why is breathing important to staying alive? • You can only live for a few minutes without air. We need air to survive, because it contains oxygen. Oxygen is a gas which our bodies need to maintain life. What does smoking do to your respiratory system? • Smoking can cause many problems in your respiratory system. Bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer can be caused by smoking. Also, smoking can destroy your alveoli. What is the Respiratory System? • It controls all of your breathing. • Consists of organs that provide the body with continuous supply of oxygen and remove all carbon dioxide from body. • Lungs are most important organs Parts of Respiratory System • Mouth and nose - air enters through them • Epiglottis –flap of tissue that closes over trachea when you swallow • Larynx –contains vocal cords • Bronchi –passageways for air to enter the lungs. • Throat- Two passageways. One for air, and one for food • Trachea –directs air to lungs • Lungs –oxygen is transferred into blood and carbon dioxide is taken away • Diaphragm –Large domeshaped muscle that separates lungs from abdomen. • Alveoli –Clusters of microscopic air sacs in lungs. Sacs at ends of smallest branches of bronchi. How does Respiratory System Work? • Two important jobs 1.Supplies oxygen to blood – Oxygen carried to all cells in body – Combines with nutrients to provide energy 2.Removes carbon dioxide from blood --Releases it outside body How does breathing work? • Two actions-inhaling and exhaling Inhaling -Bring in air from outside through nose and mouth -Diaphragm contracts and moves down - Ribs move out and up increasing size of chest cavity Exhaling -Contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air you inhale -Release air to outside and carbon dioxide -Diaphragm relaxes and moves up into chest cavity -Ribs move in and down making chest cavity smaller Lungs • Consist of microscopic air sacs called alveoli • In alveoli carbon dioxide and oxygen is exchanged • Oxygen goes into blood and carbon dioxide is taken away Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with circulatory and respiratory system • Pulmonary arteries and capillaries (circulatory system) take blood containing carbon dioxide from heart to lungs • Carbon dioxide passes from blood to alveoli • In alveoli it’s exchanged for oxygen • Oxygen passes into capillaries • Picked up by blood and carried back to heart through pulmonary veins (circulatory) Problems of Respiratory System • Common site of infection • Many germs enter nose and mouth Diseases or Disorders • Flu/cold- caused by virus; cough, runny nose, aches, fever • Tuberculosis-bacterial lung infection. Dry cough earlier, then chest pains • Allergies-Caused by reaction to substances • Pneumonia-Lung infection by bacteria or virus • Bed rest and fluids Flu vaccine prevents some kinds • Medication • Antihistamines may relieve symptoms. Avoid substances • Antibiotics for bacterial kind; bed rest for viral kind Diseases or Disorders • Bronchitis-swelling of bronchi due to infection • Asthma-Bronchial swelling and blockage • Emphysema-Alveoli destroyed difficult to breath, fatal • Lung Cancer-Alveoli destroyed. Caused by smoking • No cure. After time symptoms disappear. • No cure. Medications reduce swelling • No cure. Pure oxygen eases breathing • Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy. Low survival rate.