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The Respiratory System A Breath of Life Respiratory System ·Responsible for the intake of Oxygen and removal of Carbon Dioxide ·Body has a reserve of 4-6 minutes of Oxygen ·Consists of upper and lower respiratory systems Anatomy Upper Respiratory Tract ·The nares to the trachea What happens to the air as it enters the nasal cavity? What does the cillia do? Name the 3 sections of the pharynx. Lungs ·Located in the thoracic cavity ·Covered with sac -like membrane called pleura ·Visceral pleura – attached to the lung ·Parietal pleura – attached to the chest wall ·Plueral space filled with Plueral fluid to decrease friction ·Right Lung- ·3 sections – superior, middle and inferior ·Has a shorter, wider bronchus ·Left Lung ·Smaller w/ superior and inferior lobes due to heart sitting primarily to the left Lower Respiratory System Trachea to the alveoli ·What does the Epiglottis do? Trachea - windpipe Esophagus - food pipe ·What is surfactant? What are the differences between the left and right lungs? ·Pleura- sac or membrane that encloses the lungs ·Visceral - attaches to lung surface ·Parietal - attaches to chest wall ·Pleural fluid - lubricant in the pleural sac Lower Respiratory System Bronchioles terminate into alveoli, "grape-like" clusters of air chambers. Each alveoli is wrapped with a capillary network. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are exchanged here What is surfactant and what does it do? Can you resusitate the pt? Ventilation ·The process of breathing ·Consists of one breath in and out ·Inspiration – air is drawn into the body ·Expiration – air is forced out of the body ·Respiratory center in the Medulla Oblongata, located in the brain stem, regulates respiratory effort based on the amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood. ·What causes a Yawn? Are they contagious? Respiration ·Inspiration begins when Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract enlarging the thoracic cavity which causes a vacuum to form ·Air is pulled into the body through the nose, nasal cavity and sinuses, through the 3 sections of the pharynx, through the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles to the alveoli Gas Exchange ·The O2 and CO2 exchange in the lungs occurs between the alveoli walls and the capillaries that wrap around each of the “grapes” of the alveoli; this process is called external respiration. ·The CO2 and O2 exchange at each cell of the tissues and is called internal respiration. ·Each gas travels from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration Respiration ·Expiration begins when the Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the throacic cavity ·CO2 rich air is forced from the Alveoli through the bronchioles, bronchi and trachea, through the larynx and the 3 sections of the pharynx, through the nasal cavity and out the nares of the nose. What does Respiration look like? http://www.wisconline.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP15104 Cellular Respiration ·Occurs within each cell of every tissue ·O2 from the blood enters the cell along with nutrients. ·The cells use both these to produce energy · the “left-overs” of this process are CO2, and waste whic transfer into the blood stream ·They are carried to the lungs and exhaled. Speech ·Sound is produced when air leaving the lungs vibrates the vocal cords in the larynx ·Then the lips and tongue act on the sound to produce speech ·Sinus cavities are responsible for the resonance for th voice ·Why does our voice change when we get a “cold”? Diseases of the Respiratory System ·Epitaxis – nose bleed ·URI -upper respiratory infection – “a common cold” ·Bronchitis-inflammation of the bronchi and bonchioles ·Pneumonia-Inflammation and infection of the lungs, build up of mucous in the alveoli; often leads to atelectasis,or collapsed lung Diseases of the Respiratory System ·Lung CA ·Leading cause of death among men and women ·Cellular changes secondary to exposure to carcinogens ·Name some known carcinogens. Ungroup and type text here Pull Ungroup and type text here Ungroup and type text here Ungroup and type text here Pull Pull Ungroup and type text here Pull Pull UngroupPulland type text here UngroupPulland type text here UngroupPulland type text here UngroupPulland type text here UngroupPulland type text here http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/cc/how-asthmaaffects.html