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Transcript
Adaptation A characteristic of an organism that helps it survive. Amphibian An animal that has a backbone and lives in water when it is young and on land when it is an adult. Animal An organism that is made of many cells, breathes oxygen, eats other organisms, and can move on its own. Artery A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Arthropod An animal that has a hard outer skeleton and legs with joints. Asexual Reproduction Reproduction by simple cell division. Auditory Nerve The nerve that carries messages about sound from the ear to the brain. Bacteria Organisms that are made of one cell with no nucleus. Basic Needs The things that all living things must have in order to live. Food Water Air exchange Waste disposal Ability to reproduce Behavior Something an organism does. The way an animal reacts to change. Biodiversity A variety of different species in an area Biomass Fuel that comes from plants and animals. Biome A very large area of land with a certain kind of climate and certain kinds of organisms living there. Bird An animal that has a backbone, feathers, wings and lightweight bones, breathes air, and lays eggs with a hard shell. Bones are sometimes hollow. Blood A tissue made of blood cells floating in a liquid; carries materials throughout an animal’s body Brain The organ in the nervous system that is the control center of the body. Camouflage The shape, color, or pattern of an animal that helps it blend in with its surroundings. Capillary A narrow blood vessel that connects an artery to a vein. Captive Breeding A way of helping endangered animals by keeping them in a zoo, animal park or wildlife center, breeding them and raising their young. Carbon Dioxide A gas made of carbon and oxygen atoms that plants need for photosynthesis. CO2 CarbonDioxide/Oxygen Cycle The process by which carbondioxide and oxygen cycle among plants, animals and the environment. Cardiac Having to do with the heart Carnivore An animal that eats other animals. Cartilage Tissue in the skeletal system that is strong but more flexible than bone. Found at the end of the bones, protects the bones Cell The basic unit of structure of all living things. Cell Membrane The thin covering that encloses a cell and holds the parts together. (skin) Cell wall The rigid outer covering of a plant cell. Not found in animal cells. Cerebellum The part of the brain that coordinates the movement of muscles and helps you keep your balance Cerebrum The part of the brain that controls conscious body movements, learning, thinking, memory, and imagination and receives information from sense organs. Chlorophyll A colored matter that helps plants use light energy to produce sugar. What causes the green color in leaves. Chloroplast A tiny green structure that contains chlorophyll Found in leaf cells Only in plants, not in animal cells Chromosomes A threadlike strand inside the nucleus that is made up of DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes. 23 from each parent. Circulatory System The group of organs that work together to move blood through the body Heart and blood vessels Climate Zone A region through out which yearly patterns of temperature, rainfall and amount of sunlight are similar. Commensalism A relationship between two different kinds of organisms in which one organism is helped and the other is not harmed Community All the populations of an organism living together in an environment. Competition The contest among organisms for limited resources. The struggle of organisms against each other to get the same resources such as air, water, space and food Complete Metamorphosis Life cycle of a butterfly. Egg Larva Pupa Adult Conifer A plant that produces seeds in cones Consumer Living things that eat other living things for food and energy. Cytoplasm A jellylike substance containing many chemicals that keep a cell functioning. Decomposer An organism that gets energy by feeding on dead materials and wastes Worms Diaphragm A sheet of muscle below the lungs that helps them expand and contract Diffusion The process in which many things move in and out of cells. Digestive System The group of organs that work together to break food down into nutrients the body can use Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large) Direct Development Life cycle of a human. A kind of growth where organisms keep the same body features as they grow larger. Mammals Dogs, cats, horses Dominant Trait A stronger trait Ecology The study of how living and nonliving things interact Ecosystem A community and its physical environment together. (Living and non living) Pond Desert Prairie Endangered species A species that could become extinct. Endoskeleton An internal skeleton made of bones and cartilage Energy Pyramid Shows the amount of energy available to pass from one level of the food chain to the next. Extinct No longer exists. Food Chain A chain of living things in which each link in the chain feeds on a link below it and is fed on by the link above it. Arrow points the direction the energy moves. Food Web Two or more food chains that connect with a member of one food chain and becomes the total combination of all the individual chains. Fossil Any remains or trace of an organism that was once alive. (plants & animals) Gene Structures on a chromosome that contain the DNA code for a trait an organism inherits. Gravitropism A plant’s response to gravity. Roots always grow down. Habitat A place where something lives. Home Herbivore An animal that eats plants. Hibernation A time of low activity (almost sleeping) that some animals experience during cold weather (winter). Incomplete Metamorphosis Egg Nymph (no wings) Adult Examples: grasshoppers Adult (wings) egg Nymph (no wings) Individual A single organism in an environment. Inherited Trait A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring. Instinct A behavior that animals are born knowing. Inherited trait Innate behavior Invertebrate An animal that does not have a backbone Sponges, worms, snails, jellyfish, clams, starfish, crabs, insects, spiders Learned Behavior A behavior an animal learns. A dog learns tricks Seals learn tricks (and Shamu) Raccoons learn to find food at campgrounds in trash cans and ice chests Life Cycle The series of distinct stages that most organism grow and mature through. Meiosis The process that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells. Metamorphosis A change in the shape or characteristics of an organism’s body as it grows. Migration A journey between places that some animals make yearly because of changes in climate. Mitosis The process of cell division. Nervous System The group of organs that control all body activities Brain, spinal cord, nerves Niche The role each population has in its habitat. Job Nucleus The organelle that controls all of a cell’s activities. Brain Offspring The product of reproduction. Children Omnivore An animal that eats both plants and animals. Organ Tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Osmosis The diffusion of water and dissolved materials through cell membranes. Parts of a Plant Roots – absorb water and minerals, hold plant in place Stem – transport water and minerals, hold plant upright Leaves – make food, photosynthesis takes place here. Water is released Flower – reproduction Fruit - seeds Phloem The tubes that transport food in the vascular plants. Become tree rings. Photosynthesis The process by which plants make food, using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. Phototropism A plant’s response to light. Plants will grow toward the light. Plant Cell Has two things that animal cells do not: Cell wall for support Chloroplast to help with photosynthesis Population All the individuals of the same kind living in the same place at the same time. Predator An animal that hunts, catches and eats another animal. Prey An animal that is hunted and killed for food. Primary Consumer A consumer on the first level of the food chain. Producer Green plants. The first food makers in a food chain. Use the sun for energy. Quaternary Consumer A consumer on the fourth level of the food chain. Recessive Trait A weak trait. Not seen in characteristics. Can remain hidden for generations. Both parents must pass to offspring for trait to be seen. Reproduce To create offspring Respiratory System The group of organs that work together to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide Nose, mouth, trachea, lungs Scavengers An animal that eats the bodies of dead animals. Buzzards, Vultures Secondary Consumer A consumer on the second level of the food chain. Shelter Protection against harmful things in the environment. Home Threatened A species that could become endangered if its numbers keep decreasing. Tropism A plant’s response to stimulus Phototropism – plants grow toward light Gravitropism – roots grow down, stems grow up Vertebrate An animal with a backbone.