Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cardiovascular disease wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac surgery wikipedia , lookup
Mitral insufficiency wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Atrial septal defect wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 23 Circulation The Circulatory System aids cells to – receive nutrients, exchange gases, and removes wastes. – Blood is used to transport these materials using red blood cells filled with hemoglobin and the liquid part of blood tissue called plasma – Blood is in vessels called arteries and veins that are connected by capillaries. Blood moves away from the heart in arteries and towards the heart in veins. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.2 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Vertebrate cardiovascular systems reflect evolution Blood passes through the heart of a fish once in each circuit through the body, an arrangement called single circulation. A single circuit would not supply enough pressure to move blood through the capillaries of the lungs and then to the body capillaries of a terrestrial vertebrate. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 23.2a Gill capillaries Heart: Ventricle Atrium Body capillaries © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.2 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Vertebrate cardiovascular systems reflect evolution Land vertebrates have a double circulation in which blood is pumped a second time after it loses pressure in the lungs. – The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and gas exchange tissues in the lungs. – The systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 23.2b Figure 23.2B The double circulation and three-chambered heart of an amphibian Lung and skin capillaries Pulmocutaneous circuit Atrium Atrium Ventricle Right Left Systemic circuit Systemic capillaries © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.2 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Vertebrate cardiovascular systems reflect evolution Frogs and other amphibians have a threechambered heart. – The right atrium receives blood returning from the systemic capillaries in the body’s organs. – The ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and skin. – Because gas exchange occurs both in the lungs and across the thin, moist skin, this is called a pulmocutaneous circuit. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.2 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Vertebrate cardiovascular systems reflect evolution Frogs and other amphibians have a threechambered heart. – The right atrium receives blood returning from the systemic capillaries in the body’s organs. – The ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and skin. – Because gas exchange occurs both in the lungs and across the thin, moist skin, this is called a pulmocutaneous circuit. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.2 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Vertebrate cardiovascular systems reflect evolution In all birds and mammals, the heart has four chambers: – two atria and – two ventricles. The right side of the heart handles only oxygen-poor blood. The left side receives and pumps only oxygen-rich blood. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.3 The human cardiovascular system illustrates the double circulation of mammals Blood flow through the circulatory system of humans – drains from the large veins called the superior vena cava (from the head and arms) or inferior vena cava (from the lower trunk and legs) into the right atrium, the heart contracts pushing blood into the right ventricle through a valve – moves out to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, which forms capillaries in alveoli – returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein, and goes into the left ventricle where it leaves the heart through a large artery called the aorta. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 23.3 Capillaries of head, chest, and arms Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit Lung capillaries Pulmonary vein Right atrium Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Left ventricle Left atrium Pulmonary vein Aorta Capillaries of abdominal region and legs © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 23.4 To lung To lung Left atrium Right atrium From lung From lung Semilunar valve Semilunar valve Atrioventricular (AV) valve Atrioventricular (AV) valve Right ventricle Left ventricle