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HUMAN BODY UNIT -Mrs. LeMay7th grade Science of the •Movement •Stability •Heat Production • Works in pairs: – Contraction (bunches) – Relaxes (lengthens) • Chemical impulses from brain send message • Burns ENERGY Types of Muscles TYPES of Muscles Muscle cells have LOTS of Mitochondria….why? Problems/Diseases Strains, tears, sprains Damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments Muscular Dystrophy Weakening of muscles, genetic, no cure Myasthemia gravis Decreased impulses to the muscles. Causes drooping, fatigue, and breathing issues ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease) Attacks motor neurons, no cure Cerebral palsy Brain damage has occurred, decrease in physical abilities Atrophy When a muscle doesn’t get use and shrinks Fast Facts How many? Over 630 (you have 30 in your face!) Busiest muscle? Eyes- move 100, 000 x a day Largest? Gluteus maximus- (buttocks) What are hiccups? Diaphragmatic spasm of the •Structure •Protection •Make Blood Living tissue Can repair itself Common Bone Fracture Types Problems/Diseases Scoliosis Side to side curving of the spine osteoporosis Disease in the loss of bone tissue, Bone loses calcium and may disappear Leukemia abnormal white blood cells multiply Blood cancer Spina bifida Infants born where the spinal cord is exposed. Genetics seems to play a role. Arthritis/Osteoarthritis Pain, stiffness and swelling in joints/ When the affected joint wears out Polio Serious infection caused by a virus. Can lead to paralysis Fast Facts How many? Born with 300 As grow bones fuse and 206 remain Longest? Thigh- it is ¼ your height Human vs. giraffe Same number of vertebrae in neck, just the giraffes are MUCH longer. Function of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • Electrical Network • Carries O2 to the body and CO2 away • 4 chambers Arteries carry Oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart. Veins carry Deoxygenated blood to the heart. Flow of Blood • • • • • • • • • Start at the heart (right side) Sent to the lungs, where I Pick up oxygen, drop CO 2 Now I turn RED, Then I go back to the heart (left side), where I am Sent to the body Where I drop off oxygen, pick up CO 2 Now I turn Blue… So I go back to the Heart…. Problems/Diseases Cardiac Infarction (Heart Attack) blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked long enough that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. Cardiac dysrhythmias Abnormalities of heart rhythm Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Blood flow in arteries is too high. (Heart works too hard.) Blood clot in brain that causes brain death Stroke Fast Facts How does it beat? Electricity makes the muscle cells contract! How fast? Exercising – 10 seconds (blood from heart to big toe and back) Average heart beats 100,000 times a day How much? Nervous System Main Job: • TWO PARTS: • central nervous system • Why we need the BRAIN?? • control center – brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system. • keeps the body – Nerves from spine to working smoothly muscles/glands • thoughts, feelings, memory. Brain neuron Diseases/Problems • • • • • • • • Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson's disease multiple sclerosis Stroke Headaches Bacterial or viral meningitis Encephalitis Hemorrhage Fast Facts • • • • average adult human brain approx 3 pds contains 100 billion nerve cells trillions of "support cells" called glia. right side brain works left side of body, and vice versa. • Nerve impulses as fast as 170 mph • number of thoughts 70,000 day. Function of the Digestive System •Breaks down food into tiny molecules that can be reabsorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to cells. Digestive System RAP We start in the mouth Where digestion begins Chemical/mechanical together. Now down the esophagus, Into the stomach Where its chemical/mechanical again. Next into the intestine, the first one is small Where nutrients are reabsorbed. Then off to the intestine, this time it’s large Where water is reabsorbed The rest moves through (We call it #2) And that’s the end of digestion Ulcers Holes are burnt into the stomach lining by the gastric juice overproduction; can be stress induced. Problems/Diseases Lactose intolerance Gastric Bypass Diarrhea/ Constipation Lacking enzyme Lactase that breaks down lactose Restructuring the digestive system for weight loss -too little/too much water reabsorbed by large intestine. Where are we digested? • Carbohydrates mouth saliva • Proteins stomach gastric acid • fats • Water small intestine pancreas/liver large intestine (absorbed) Fast Facts Peristalsis How about all that GAS? Length? Small intestine Large Intestine Allows us to eat UPSIDE down Most of us pass avg, about 600 ml/day. Made of five gasses: O2, CO2, nitrogen, hydrogen, & Methane 6-7 meters 1.5 meters The Respiratory System •supply the blood with oxygen •to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body •Removal of Carbon Dioxide Problems/Diseases Asthma inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles that cause difficulty in breathing/ wheezing Bronchitis inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes Choking (aspiration) obstruction of the flow of air into the lungs inflammation of the lungs caused by infection Pneumonia MORE… pharyngitis Inflammation of pharynx (sore throat) Laryngitis Inflammation of voice box (loss of voice) Fast Facts Function of the urinary system • Removal of liquid waste from the body Urinalysis: test run on urine sample • Protein= kidney disease • Glucose= diabetes • White Blood cells= urinary tract infection (UTI)