Download The Respiratory System - Education Service Center, Region 2

The Respiratory
System
Functions
• The respiratory system moves oxygen
from the outside environment into the
body.
• It also removes carbon dioxide and
water from the body.
Organs
• Air travels in and out of the organs of
the respiratory system;
– nose
– pharynx
– larynx
– trachea
– bronchi
– lungs
• bronchioles
• alveoli
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• respiration – the transport of oxygen
from outside the body to cells and
tissues, and the transport of carbon
dioxide and wastes away from cells and
to the environment.
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Why do we Breathe?
• cellular respiration - (break down of
glucose for energy) requires oxygen as
a reactant.
• Respiration also produces water and
carbon dioxide which can leave the
body through the lungs
The Air You Breathe
• The air you breathe comes from the
atmosphere
– 21% oxygen
– 78% nitrogen
– 1% other gases
• Your body does not use most of the air
you inhale
• What you don’t need is exhaled
The Path of Air
• As air moves the organs, it is warmed,
moistened, and bacteria and other
small particles are removed.
In the nose …
• Air is warmed
• Nose hair filters dust and other small
things out.
• Mucus also traps small particles, dust,
and bacteria.
the pharynx
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• pharynx - (throat) is
a long hollow tube
that connects the
nose to the trachea.
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the larynx
• larynx – part of the throat where the
vocal cords are located.
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the trachea
• trachea - connects the pharynx to the
bronchi. It is lined with mucus and
small hairs that trap particles.
• You can feel the ridges of the trachea
by running your finger down your neck
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bronchi
• bronchi - passages that direct air into
the lungs.
– Left bronchus goes to the left lung
– Right bronchus goes into the right lung
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the lungs
• lungs - The main
organs of the
respiratory system
that provide oxygen to
the body.
• The bronchi,
bronchioles, and
alveoli are all inside
the lungs.
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bronchioles
• bronchioles - smaller branches that
come off of the bronchi.
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alveoli
• alveoli - smallest structure
in the lungs where gas
exchange takes place
between the lungs and the
blood.
• The walls of the alveoli are
very thin which allows the
gases to diffuse back and
forth.
Gas Exchange
• After air enters the alveoli, oxygen
passes through the wall of the alveoli,
into the capillary that surrounds it ,
then into the artery headed to the heart.
• At the same time, carbon dioxide and
water pass from the vein into the
capillary, then into the alveoli where
they are exhaled.
Gas Exchange
alveoli
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• diaphragm – dome-shaped muscle
below the lungs that causes us to
inhale and exhale.
How You Breathe
• You breathe on average 20,000 times a
day
• Breathing speeds up when you
exercise
• Breathing slows down when you are
asleep
• Both involuntary and voluntary
muscles and nervous system helps you
breathe
Speaking
• Inside your trachea are vocal cords
• Vocal cords stretch across the opening
• Your vocal cords work like the neck of
a balloon when it is stretched
• Air passes over the vocal cords,
making them vibrate which produces
sound
– Low – vocal cords contract & shorten
– High – vocal cords relax & lengthen
Body systems that work with
the respiratory system;
• muscular system to pull air into the
lungs
• circulatory system to carry the
oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
• digestive system to provide energy