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Noninfectious / Noncommunicable Diseases (Lifestyle Diseases) Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes A disease that is not transmitted by another person A disease caused by how you live your life Types of Noninfectious Diseases Hereditary Disease - caused by defective genes inherited by a child from one or both parents Congenital disease- a disease that is present from birth but is not inherited Autoimmune disease-disease in which a person’s own immune system attacks and damages an organ of his or her own body. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Diseases of the Heart Hypertension High blood pressure Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs 23% of Americans age 20-74 have hypertension “silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages Get BP checked regularly Management Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition Atherosclerosis The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity Clots can form from plaque If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke Heart Attack Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain Common symptoms Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack Stroke Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood Congestive Heart Failure Heart gradually weakens Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication Risk Factors for CVDs Controllable Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol Sedentary Lifestyle Excessive Weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use Uncontrollable Heredity Gender Age Diabetes A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy Type 1 Diabetes The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels) Autoimmune disease Must take insulin Type 2 Diabetes Noncommunicable Disease Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly Treatment Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet Symptoms of Diabetes Frequent urination Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Tingling in hands or feet Frequent fatigue Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal More infections than usual