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Announcements

Exams-

Extra Credit -

Lab 5 - Lymphatic System
Lecture Overview

Lymphatic System and Components
– What is lymph and how does it travel?

General Immune Reaction- Inflammation
– What is one function of the cells carried in
lymph?

Selected Topics in Immunity
Lymphatic System

Absorbs excess fluid from the tissues

Returns this fluid to the circulatory system
or the heart

Additional function in Immunity
Components of the Lymphatic
System

Lymph
 Lymphatic Tissue
 Lymphatic Vessels
 Thymus
 Bone Marrow
 Spleen
Lymph
 Lymph
– The clear fluid
absorbed by
the lymphatic
system
 Lymphatic Tissue
– Clusters of
Lymphocytes
and
macrophages
Lymphatic Tissue

Malt: (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue)
– Diffuse array of lymphocytes found along body
passages in mucous membranes.
– Examples of malt: lining of the stomach and
respiratory tract

Lymph nodules:
– Dense clusters of Lymphocytes
– Transient: pop up during infection
Lymphatic Vessels

Carry and Transport
Lymph and proteins

Similar Structure to
veins
– Tunica Interna:
Thin inner lining
and valves
– Tunica Media:
Elastic fibers and
Smooth Muscle
– Tunica Externa:
Thin Outer Layer
Lymphatic Filters

Lymph Nodes- Screen and Filter
Lymph for infectious particles

Spleen- Screen and Filter Blood for
old, dead cells and infectious particles
Subclavian
2 collecting Trunks
6 Lymphatic Trunks
More Collecting Vessels
Lymph Nodes
Collecting Vessels
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Movement

No pump

Rhythmic contraction of the lymph vessels

Skeletal Muscles

How is backflow prevented?
Immune Cell Generators

Bone Marrow- Makes B- Cells

Thymus- Makes T- Cells
Thymus
Break for
Dynamic Human
Inflammation

Non-specific response to tissue trauma or
infection
4 signs of Inflammation
4 signs of Inflammation

Redness
 Swelling
 Heat
 Pain

What’s the purpose of pain?
Purpose of Inflammation

Remove Invading Pathogens

Remove Debris of Damaged Tissues

Initiate Tissue Repair
Mediators of Inflammation

Chemical Messengers

Leukocyte
Chemical Messengers

Released by mast cells in response to damage

Bradykinin, Histamine, and Leukotrienes
– Increases Local Blood Flow to distressed area



Stimulates Vasodilation
Increases Permeability of Capillaries
What’s Accomplished?
Chemical Messengers

Bradykinin, Histamine, and Leukotrienes
– Increases Local Blood Flow
 Stimulates Vasodilation
 Increases Permeability of Capillaries

What’s Accomplished?
– Heats area causes redness and swelling
– Dilutes toxins and helps Remove waste
– Supplies oxygen and nutrients for tissue repair
Pain Response

Purpose?

Causes?
Pain Response

Purpose? Prevents further injury to area.

Causes?
– Direct Nerve Damage
– Pressure from Swelling
– Chemical Stimulation particularly bradykinin
Leukocyte Deployment

Leukocyte: any white blood cell including
T cells, B cells, granulocytes, platelets,
basophils, mast cells, monocytes and
macrophages

Leukocytes Migrate toward inflammed area

Why? TO KILL and RECRUIT
Leukocyte Deployment

Leukocytes Migrate to inflammed tissue

How?
1. Margination or pavementing: To
migrate to the wall of a capillary
2. Diapedesis: Passage of blood cells
through vessel wall into tissue
3. Chemotaxis: Movement of a cell
towards or away a chemical source
What do the leukocytes plan
to do?

Phagocytosis: release of toxic chemicals

Recruit more leukocytes
Phagocytosis

Leukocytes consume and destroy foreign
invaders and dead cells

Ejected as Pus
Break for
Dynamic Human
Selected Topics in Immunity