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Download Methods of Treatment - Faculty members | Olin College
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Methods of Treatment Surgery Hormone Therapy Radiation Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Targeted therapy http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/thehistoryofcancer/index Why it works Cancer – rapidly dividing cells Treatments Slow down dividing Break down cells Trying to affect how quickly the cells are dividing Except surgery which just removes the tumor formed Surgery Halsted – radical mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy Believed that adequate removal of tumor would cure cancer 1970’s – Proved less extensive surgery is equally effective for most women with breast cancer Exploratory cancer to imaging Less invasive methods to destroy tumors Cryosurgery/Cryotherapy Lasers to cut tissue or vaporize cancers Radiofrequency ablation Hormone Therapy Mostly for hormonally sensitive tissues and organs Beats and oophorectomy Huggins – metastatic prostate cancer Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, LHRH analogs and inhibitors Radiation X-ray was developed and radiation became a method for treatment Found daily minor doses improved patient’s chance for a cure Precision – able to destroy cancer cells without affecting normal cells Conformational Radiation Therapy (CRT) Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Stereotactic radiosurgury and radiation therapy Intraoperative radiation therapy Chemical Modifiers/ Radiosensitizers Chemotherapy Mustard gas and Nitrogen mustard (alkylating agents) Aminopterin – able to block chemical reaction for DNA replicaiton Methotrexate – cured metastatic cancer led to development of chemotherapy Many cancers can be controlled with chemo Combination chemotherapy Liposomal therapy Used in adjuvant therapy Immunotherapy Biological response modifier therapy Agents are given to patients to imitate or initiate an immune response Antigens and modified antibodies Vaccines to boost the immune response to cancer cells Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) Targeted Therapy Influences the processes that control: Growth Division Spread of cancer cells The signals that cause cancer cells to die naturally Growth signal inhibitors Angiogenesis inhibitors Apoptosis-inducing drugs Epidemiology Three observations launched the field 1713 – Ramazzini and the nuns 1775 – Percival Pott and chimney sweeps 1620 – Venner and tobacco (Via Recta) This field led to finding causes which allows people to protect against cancer Molecular biologists can use these to study the interactions between genes and external factors – for treatment methods
