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Cancer 101: A Cancer Education and Training Program for [Target Population] Date Location Presented by: Presenter 1 Presenter 2 Basics of Cancer Treatment Cancer 101 Learning Module 7 Learning Objectives At the completion of learning Module 7, you will be able to: • Discuss the Western approach [and target population approach?] to cancer treatment • Discuss the difference between local and systemic treatment for cancer • Describe the reason side effects occur with cancer treatment • Describe at least two side effects that can occur as a result of cancer treatment • Discuss the benefits of managing physical effects of cancer and cancer treatment How We Become Well Again • For many [target population] diagnosed with cancer, treatment often involves a blend of both Western medicine and [target population] medicine. • Both may be necessary in the fight against cancer. Western Medicine Characteristics of the Western medical approach to cancer treatment include: • Science based • Focus on physical aspect of the disease • Team of special doctors working together to develop a treatment plan to fit the patient’s situation [Target Population] Medicine Characteristics of [target population] medicine include: • xxxx • xxxx • xxxx Holistic Approach • Goal of treatment is centered on restoring harmony and balance. • [Target population] are most likely to benefit when treatment is focused on a holistic approach that involves a blending of Western and [target population] medicine. Cancer Treatment The treatment team: • Patient • Surgeons • Medical oncologists • Radiation oncologists • Nurses • Others The treatment plan: • Surgery • Chemotherapy • Radiation therapy • Hormone therapy • Biological therapy • Stem cell transplant • Clinical trial Treatment Factors Treatment for cancer depends on the following factors: • Type of cancer • Size, location and stage of the disease • General health of the individual Local or systemic treatment? Local treatment affects cancer cells in the tumor and the area near it: • Surgery • Radiation therapy Systemic treatment travels through the bloodstream reaching cancer cells all over the body: • Chemotherapy • Hormone therapy • Biological therapy Treatment Methods - Surgery • The removal of the cancerous tumor. • May also include removal of the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes near the tumor. Photo credit: Linda Bartlett | Source: NCI Treatment Methods – Radiation Therapy • Use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells • Types: – External (outside the body) – Internal (implanted in the body) Photo credit: Rhoda Baer | Source: NCI Treatment Methods Chemotherapy • The use of drugs to kill cancer cells. • Can be given: – Intravenously (through a vein) – Oral/by mouth (pills) – Injection (a shot in the skin tissue or muscle) – Topical (applied on the skin) Photo credit: Rhoda Baer | Source: NCI Treatment Methods – Hormone Therapy • Used against certain cancers that depend on hormones for their growth. – Breast cancer – Prostate cancer • Anti-hormone treatment can cause these cancers to go away or be controlled for a time. Treatment Methods – Biological Therapy • Also known as immunotherapy. • May: – Stop or slow the growth of cancer cells – Make it easier for the immune system to destroy cancer cells – Keep cancer from spreading to other parts of the body Treatment Methods – Stem Cell Transplantation • Transplantation of blood-forming stem cells enable patients to receive high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. • Three types of stem cell transplants: – Autologous – Syngeneic – Allogeneic Treatment Methods – Clinical Trials • Research studies that evaluate promising new therapies and answer scientific questions. • Cancer treatments available today are the result of clinical trial research. Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) • Complementary medicine • Alternative medicine • Ensure safe and coordinated care – inform your provider about any therapies you use or are considering Side Effects • Side effects depend mainly on the type and extent of the treatment. – Surgery Pain – Radiation therapy Tiredness, skin changes – Chemotherapy Hair loss, anemia, tiredness, weakness, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth or lip sores – Biological therapy Flu-like symptoms – Hormone therapy Weight gain, hot flashes, nausea Palliative Care • Manage physical effects of cancer and/or its treatment. • Given in addition to treatment throughout patient’s experience with cancer. • Every person will have different palliative care needs. • Research shows it improves quality of life. Case Study • Martha had local and systemic treatment. • Local: – Surgery to remove the breast tumor – External radiation therapy to the breast after surgery. • Systemic: – Tamoxifen after surgery for prevention • Complementary Medicine: – Yoga In Summary • You now have an understanding of: – Common cancer treatments and their potential side effects.