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SNC2D Biology: Cells, Tissues and Living Systems Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment 1. Prevention: Cancer Screening Means checking for cancer even if there are no symptoms Pap Test o checks for cervical cancer o starts around age 18 Breast self examination PSA test o For testicular cancer Mole Observation o ABCD o Assymetry, Border, Colour, Diameter Reducing your risk Lifestyle Choices Avoid smoking Healthy diet Exercise 2. Diagnosis Imaging Colonoscopy o Endoscopy of the colon X-ray MRI Ultrasound Examining cells Obtained if medical tests show any abnormalities Blood or a sample of tumour cells is removed surgically and examined under a microscope. SNC2D Biology: Cells, Tissues and Living Systems 3. Treatment Options Depend on the type of cancer Treatments can include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or a combination of these. Chemotherapy Cancer cells grow in an uncontrolled way. Chemotherapy drugs slow or even stop the cancer cells from growing, multiplying or spreading to other parts of your body. Chemotherapy is a powerful treatment affecting the whole body, so healthy cells can also be damaged. This damage to healthy cells causes side effects. The damage is mostly temporary and the healthy cells will repair themselves. Radiation is the use of a certain type of energy (radiation) from xrays or gamma rays, to destroy cancer cells. Radiation in high doses targets cells in the area being treated by damaging the DNA in their genes, making it impossible for them to grow and divide. During radiation therapy, both cancer cells (which are growing in an uncontrolled way) and healthy cells are affected, but most healthy cells can repair themselves afterwards Biophotonics Uses light beams to detect and treat cancer Very sensitive Pioneered at the University of Toronto Fewer side effects than radiation. The goals of therapy are to: Destroy the cancer Chemotherapy, by itself or with another treatment, is given to destroy cancer cells in the body. Shrink a tumour before other treatments Sometimes chemotherapy is given to shrink a tumour before surgery or radiation therapy Destroy cancer cells after other treatments Chemotherapy is often given in addition to surgery or radiation treatment to destroy cancer cells that may have been missed by the surgery or radiation. Read more: http://www.cancer.ca