Download Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cancer

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cancer
Health Ed. 100
M. Collins, MPH
The Cardiovascular System

Heart

attacks and strokes are the most common life-threatening types of heart diseases
Characteristics of the Heart
Diagram:
4
chambered pump (atria, ventricles)
Size of a fist
Weighs about 1 pound
Function - creates pressure to circulate blood throughout the body
Blood enters via the Vena Cava into the right atrium
Heart Beat Stimulation
Signal



sends impulses from the heart
Risk Factors for Heart Disease That Can Be Changed
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Contributing Risk Factors for Heart Disease That Can Be Changed
High Triglyceride Levels
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Chronic hostility and Anger
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Heart Disease Risk Factors for Students YOUR AGE
Percentage of persons aged 20 years and older with hypertension or taking hypertension
medications=
Percentage of persons aged 20 years and older with high blood cholesterol =
Percentage of persons aged 20 years and older with physician–diagnosed diabetes=
Percentage of persons aged 20 years and older who are obese=
Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who are current cigarette smokers (2003)=
Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who engage in no leisure–time physical
activity (2003)=
Major Risk Factors That Cannot Be Changed
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Atherosclerosis
Atheroschlerosis
is a form of ___________________(hardening of the arteries)
Arteries become narrow due to _____________ buildup
This process deprives blood and vital oxygen to specific organs, such as the heart, brain,
etc.
Results in the following:



Hypertension
Blood
pressure exceeds a systolic (pressure at contraction) over _______mm/hg and/or
a diastolic (pressure between contraction) over ______ mm/hg
Symptoms – the “silent killer” (no symptoms)
Diagnosis – regular checks of resting blood pressure (average blood pressure < 120/80)
Treatment – medication, exercise, dietary changes)
A cause of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney disease
What Does High Blood Pressure Really Mean?
Oxygenated blood is pumped to the body in blood vessels called ARTERIES
Deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart in VEINS
The pressure on the walls of the ARTERIES is measured in blood pressure
Measured as Systolic/Diastolic (125/83)
Systolic=
Diastolic=
Heart Attack
Damage
to vessels of the coronary artery
cause –
Myocardial infarction: heart attack
Caused by a coronary thrombosis
When the need for oxygen exceeds the supply, the result is chest pain called angina
pectoris
Recognizing and Treating a Heart Attack
Principal
Symptoms
–
– ECG, angiogram, MRI
Surgical Treatment – bypass, angioplasty, heart transplant
Non-surgical Treatment- platelet inhibitors, aspirin, alcohol
Most die within 2 hours from time of first symptoms.
CALL 911!! DON’T WAIT!!!
CPR- 15 chest compressions + 2 breaths
Diagnosis
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)

Types –ischemic strokes (blockage), hemorrhagic
Diagnosis – CT scan, MRI
Treatment – clot dissolving drug therapy
High blood pressure leads to ruptures
strokes (ruptures)
Congestive Heart Failure
Swollen
heart due to the lack of strength known as Pulmonary edema
Causes – various causes from other illnesses to damaging heart to existing injury to the
heart
Treatment – drugs, modified lifestyle
Pooling and swelling of the ankles and feet
Your grandparents may have congestive heart failure
Other Forms of Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease-malformation of the large blood vessels near the heartFROM BIRTH
Peripheral Artery Disease- diseases of the arteries close to the heart and brai
Heart Valve Disorders- examples
Protecting Yourself against Cardiovascular Disease

Decrease
Fat and Cholesterol Intake

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Decrease
Sodium and increase Potassium Intake

DASH
(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

Know
and manage your Blood Pressure

Cancer
Cells
Most cancers take the form of tumors: a mass of tissues that serve no physiological
purpose
Benign:
Malignant:

2006 Estimated US Cancer Deaths*
How Cancer Spreads: Metastasis
Metastasis
is the spreading of cancer cells which occurs due to the lack of cellular
cohesiveness
They break away and pass through the lining of lymph or blood vessels to invade
nearby tissues
These new tumors are called secondary tumors or metastases
Types of Cancer
Carcinomas
Sarcomas
–
Lymphomas
Leukemia
–
–
1% of all cancers
–
Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, by Site, Men, 2000-2002*
Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, by Site, Women, US, 2000-2002*
The Incidence of Cancer
Each
year, ____________people in the United States are diagnosed with cancer
death rates have dropped more than _____since 1990
The American Cancer Society believes that thousands of cases of colon, breast, and
uterine cancer could be prevented by lifestyle changes
Cancer
Lung Cancer
Risk Factors:
Prevention:
Treatment: Surgery,
Radiation, Chemotherapy, Medications
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Considered
the second leading cause of cancer deaths (could arise from pre-existing
polyps)
Risk Factors:
Detection and Treatment: Removal of polyps, Yearly stool blood test,
Sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, Surgery
Breast Cancer
Most
common cancer in Women
Risk factors
Prevention:
Treatment:
Lumpectomy, Drug therapy, Chemotherapy/radiation treatments
Testicular Cancer
Risk factors: Family history, environmental factors
Most prevalent in men age _________
Prevention: Self exams
Early Detection: Observations and self exams
Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Prostate Cancer

Risk
factors:
Prevention:
Early Detection: PSA screenings, ultrasound rectal exam
Treatment: Surgery, radiation, implantation of radioactive seeds
Cervical Cancer
Risk factors:
Prevention:
Treatment: Surgery (minor
or major), Radiation/chemotherapy
Uterine Cancer
Risk
Factors: Early menopause, late menopause, lack of ovulation, never having given
birth, use of tamoxifen, and also in diabetics, obese, and hypertensive women
Prevention: Minimize high levels of estrogen and regular physician care
Treatment: Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone treatment
Ovarian Cancer
Prevention:
Similar to what is recommended for breast cancer, Prophylactic
oophorectomy
Early Detection:
Treatment: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Drug therapy
Skin Cancer
Considered
Risk
the most common cancer of all
factors:
Prevention:
Early
Detection:
Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, interleukin-2
The Causes of Cancer
The Role of DNA
Role of inheritance of certain genes
DNA mutations such as oncogenes
Cancer promoters
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Dietary Factors
Dietary Fat and Meat
Alcohol
Fiber intake
Fruits and Vegetables
Inactivity and Obesity
Microbes
Carcinogens in the Environment
Ingested chemicals
Industrial pollution
Radiation
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Detecting Cancer: Identify the 7 warning signs of cancer
C=
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N=
Diagnosing Cancer

Exploratory
surgery or a biopsy may be performed to identify a cancer’s stage or the
following:
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Ultrasonography
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have been used to view tumors and is considered completely safe