Download Remaining Notes for Chapter 14

Chapter 14:
Therapy
Freud’s Approach: Psychoanalysis
1.
Aims

2.
Methods

3.
To bring to light the repressed and conflicted
impulses of the Id-ego-superego
Client talks (free-associates) and the analyst
interprets and provides insight
Common contemporary approaches


Psychodynamic therapy
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Roger’s Approach: Humanistic
Therapies
1.
Client-centered approach


Works to increase self-awareness & self-acceptance =
personal growth
Methods
1.
2.
3.
4.
Talk about current and future events
No emphasis on the unconscious
Taking responsibility
Therapist uses active listening = paraphrase, clarify,
reflect feelings
Behavior Therapies

The aim of these therapies is behavior modification

Methods
1.
Classical conditioning



2.
Counter-conditioning
Systematic desensitization
Aversive conditioning
Operant conditioning

Token economy
Cognitive Therapies
These approaches recognize the influence of
thinking upon our feelings
Methods


1.
2.
Change the way we feel by changing the way we
think
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)
Thoughts Feelings Behaviors
Group and Family Therapies
1.
2.
3.
All the therapies we discussed today (except
psychoanalysis) can be done on an individual or
group basis
Family therapy
Benefits of group therapy:
1.
2.
3.
Low cost
Increased support
Sense of community – not alone with a problem
Biomedical Approaches
1.
We’ve talked a bit about drug therapies
already



Became popular in the mid-1950’s with the
discovery of antipsychotic medications
Led to a huge reduction in the number of
hospitalizations
The major classes of psychotropic medications
Other Biomedical Interventions
2.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or shock
therapy
3.
Psychosurgery
How do we Know if Therapy
Works?

This is not an easy question to answer

Client testimonials




Crises tend to abate with time
Positive expectations can lead to positive results
Need to believe it was worth the effort
Liking therapist can influence report
Does it work? Con’t.
1.
Therapists themselves also report high rates of
success


People come in very unhappy and leave happier
Can they tell what made the difference?
2.
Problems with objective, measurable behaviors
like OCD are easier to evaluate
3.
Outcome research
Are some therapies better than
others?

There really is no ‘winner’ when you
compare all of the therapies

What is important is finding a match
between:
1.
2.
The problem and the approach
The client and the therapist
What all Therapies do have…
1.
Hope
2.
A new perspective and insight
3.
Empathy
4.
Trust
5.
Caring