Download Notes Civil War

Civil War
United States History
Mrs. O’Shea
1860 Presidential Election
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Abraham Lincoln won
39% popular vote
180 electoral votes
not a single electoral vote from
South
Name did not appear on many
southern ballots
1860 ELECTION RESULTS
Southern Secession
 South Carolina seceded in
Dec. 1860
 6 others states followed =
Texas
Louisiana
Mississippi
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
 Created Confederate States
of America
Fort Sumter
• Federal fort outside
Charleston, SC
• Federal supply ship shot at by
Confederates
• Lincoln wanted to preserve
Union – must protect fort
• April 12, 1861 – Confederates
seize fort
• Lincoln called on loyal states to
supply 750,000 militiamen to
subdue the rebellion.
• Ordered blockade of southern
ports.
Battle of Bull Run
• Union troops – not prepared
• Sent by Lincoln to capture Richmond –
Confederate capital city
• Met with 32,000 Confederate troops outside of
Manassas.
• Union troops were sent running back to
Washington, D.C.
IMPORTANCE
• Boosted Confederates morale
• Signaled to Union that they needed to prepare
for a real war
CASUALTIES
• Heavy casualties on both
sides – killed, wounded,
captured, or MIA
• Disease (typhoid fever,
dysentery, salmonella,
gangrene, malaria)
Casualties (deaths)
Revolutionary War = 4,400
Mexican American War = 13,000
Civil War = 600,000
WWI = 115,000
WWII = 407,000
Korean War = 33,000
Vietnam War = 58,000
War in Iraq = 4,244 (as of February 13, 2009)
Really rough estimates – Mrs. O’Shea
Casualties (deaths)
700,000
600,000
600,000
500,000
Deaths
407,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
115,000
33,000 58,000
4,750
4,400 13,000
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Lincoln and Slavery
• “Preserve the Union”
• Personally opposed to slavery
• Came to regard abolishing slavery as a
strategy for winning war
• Slave working in field = one more Southerner
fighting in fields
Emancipation Proclamation p. 396
• effectively removed any
chance of a negotiated
settlement between the North
and the South.
• The Emancipation
Proclamation caused an outcry
to rise from the South who
said that Lincoln was trying to
stir up slave rebellion.
• The North now had a much
stronger moral cause. It had
to preserve the Union and free
the slaves.
African Americans in War
• July 1862 – Congress allows African-Americans
to join military
• January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation –
encouraged freed slaves to fight
• By 1865 – 180,000 African Americans had
enlisted (10% of troops)
• Less pay
• Black regiments – white officers
• 54th Massachusetts Infantry – bravery in attack
on Ft. Wagner – first medal of honor (Sergeant
William Carney) GLORY
Plans to Win!!!
• Union – attacked from West and
East – Anaconda Plan (choke
them)
• Confederacy – attacked Union
through Virginia (scare
Northerners – fuel anti-war
movement in North)
Advantages – pages 653-655
North
South
Advantages
Economic and Military
North
South
Gettysburg Address
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Dedication of cemetery
Honors Union soldiers
Expresses grief of nation
Necessity of preserving the Union
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php
?storyId=1512410
North – Strategy
Anaconda Plan – General Winfield Scott
Slowly entwine and crush
Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
Union – McClellan
CSA - Lee
Maryland
September 17, 1862
Results
The result of the battle was inconclusive but the north did win a strategic
advantage.
23,100 casualties
Significance
Forced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River.
President Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous
Emancipation on September 22, 1862.
Chancellorsville
Union – Major General Joseph Hooker
CSA – Robert E. Lee, Major General Thomas J.
Jackson
Results
Confederate Victory. 24,000 casualties of which
14,000 were Union soldiers.
Significance
Considered to be Lee’s greatest victory
Death of Stonewall Jackson.
Shiloh – “place of peace”
Tennessee
Union - Ulysses S. Grant
CSA – Johnston
Results
Grant was defeated
20,000 casualties on both sides
Draft
Confederacy
1862 – ages 18-35
1862 – ages 18-45
1864 – ages 17-50
Exemptions – substitute or $500 in cash
Union
1863 – ages 20-45
Exemptions - $300 or medical grounds
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
“War is cruelty. The
crueler it is, the sooner it
will be over.”
Sherman’s March
• Union General William Sherman’s total
war
• GOAL = destroy the Confederacy's ability
to wage further war
• 300 mile path of destruction – destroying
railroads, bridges, factories, livestock,
crops, etc.
• Most likely speed up the ending of the war
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
South Surrenders
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox
Court House, Virginia (private home –
not a court building)
-take horses and go home
-obey laws
April 9, 1865
Lincoln Assassinated
• April 14, 1865
• John Wilkes Booth – wanted to
kidnap Lincoln in exchange for
Confederate prisoners.
• Changed plans – killed Lincoln
• Ford’s Theater
Execution