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The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST
BROTHER
SOUTHERN LEADERS
CIVIL WAR
Jefferson Davis-South
PRESIDENT OF CSA
Pres. Jefferson Davis
Robert E. Lee-South
COMMANDER GENERAL-Army of
Northern Virginia
Robert E.Lee
(Lee opposed secession, but did not
believe the Union should be held together
by force), who urged Southerners to
accept defeat and unite as Americans
again, when some Southerners wanted to
fight on after Appomattox
**STONEWALL JACKSONLee’s right hand man-South
NORTHERN LEADERS
CIVIL WAR
President Abraham LincolnNorth
who insisted that the Union be
held together, by force if
necessary
Ulysses Grant-NorthCOMMANDER GENERAL
who won victories over the
South after several other Union
commanders had failed
**WILLIAM T. SHERMAN-NORTH
GRANT’S RIGHT HAND MAN
FREDERICK DOUGLASSNORTH-ABOLITIONIST
**FREDERICK DOUGLASSNORTH
FORMER SLAVE WHO BECAME A
PROMINENT ABOLITIONIST
URGED LINCOLN TO RECRUIT
FORMER SLAVES TO FIGHT IN THE
UNION ARMY
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
BAD LUCK-CAUSES OF WAR
B-BEECHER STOWE “UNCLE TOM’S CABIN”
A-ABOLITIONISTS
D-DISAGREEMENTS-TARIFFS, SLAVERY,
STATES RIGHTS
L-LOUSY PRESIDENTS-Pierce, Buchanan
U-U.S. Supreme Court-Dred Scott Decision
C-COMPROMISES FAILED-MO, 1850, KN
K-KICKED OFF WAR WITH SECESSION
AND FEDERAL TROOPS IN
CHARLESTON-LINCOLN ELECTION
SECESSION
1861-7 STATES SECEDED BECAUSE
LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENTFEARED LINCOLN WOULD ABOLISH
SLAVERY
SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST.
THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
(CSA) WAS FORMED
*4 STATES WERE SLAVE STATES BUT
STAYED IN UNION BORDER STATESMISSOURI,KENTUCKY,MARYLAND, AND
DELAWARE AND LATER WEST VIRGINIA
**FT. SUMTER,S.C. DETAILS
• April 12, 1861-THE SPARK-OPENING
CONFRONTATION IN THE CIVIL WAR
• VIRGINIA SECEDES-most populated
state in the South-followed by 3 other
states
First Skirmish-SPARK of the
Civil War
Ft. Sumter,S.C.-April,12,1861
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
BOTH SIDES
**North vs. South in 1861
North
•People
Advantages
•Industry
•Railroads
•Food sources
South
•Cotton
•Justified cause
•Good Generals
•Access to
Mississippi ports
•Lack of strong
Disadvantages
passion for
cause
•Lack of good
generals at the
beginning.
•Not much
Industry
•Lack of RR’s
STRATEGIES AND
COMPARISONS
BOTH SIDES
**ANACONDA PLAN-NORTH’S
STRATEGY
UNION BLOCKADE SOUTHERN
COASTS
GAIN CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI
AND SPLIT CONFEDERACY IN TWO
CAPTURE RICHMOND(CAPITAL OF
THE CONFEDERACY)
The “Anaconda” Plan
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
**SOUTH’S STRATEGY
STRICTLY DEFENSIVE
Rating the North & the South
Railroad Lines, 1860
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
The Confederate “White House”
Richmond, VA
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
THE WAR BEGINS
BULL RUN, VA-JULY 1861
FIRST MAJOR BATTLE
**STONEWALL JACKSON GOT HIS
NAME HERE
IMPORTANCE-UNION REALIZED
WOULD NOT BE AN EASILY WON WAR
Bull Run bridge
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
MONITOR V MERRIMAC
IRONCLAD BATTLE DETAILS
1862-MERRIMAC(CSS VIRGINIA) THE
CONFEDERACY
THE UNION’S –THE MONITOR
FOUGHT IN HAMPTON ROADS WATERS
CONSIDERED A DRAW
MONITOR
IT HOUSED IT’S GUNS IN A
REVOLVING TURRET.
THE TURRET AND CANNON ARE AT
THE MARINER’S MUSEUM IN
NEWPORT NEWS,VA
Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
26,000 casualties
**DETAILS OF ANTIETAM,MD
1862- BLOODIEST SINGLE BATTLE IN
AMERICAN HISTORY-26,000 DEAD.
CONSIDERED A DRAW –BUT THE
SOUTH LOST MORE MEN
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation-
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
JANUARY 1, 1863
FAME FOR LINCOLN
F-FREED SLAVES IN CONFEDERACY ONLY
A-ALLOWED ENLISTMENT AFRICAN
AMERICANS
M-MADE ABOLISHMENT OF SLAVERY WAR
AIM
E-ENDED INTERFERENCE FROM FOREIGN
NATIONS
*WEST VIRGINIA-1863
WESTERN COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA
ANTI-SLAVERY - THEY SECEDED AND
FORMED WEST VIRGINIA
CHANCELLORSVILLE,VA
MAY 1863-STONEWALL JACKSON
DIED
MAJOR LOSS TO THE LEADERSHIP OF
THE CONFEDERACY
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
**DETAILS OF
GETTYSBURG,PA
*JULY 1-3,1863-TURNING POINT OF WAR
*THE SOUTHERN ARMY WAS STOPPED
HERE LOST TOO MANY MEN
50,000 CASUALTIES
Gettysburg Casualties
Gettysburg
UNION AND CONFEDERATE
SOLDIERS
*GETTYSBURG ADDRESS-NOV 1863
Lincoln described the war aim now as a
struggle to preserve the nation“SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION”
“All men are created equal”
Government “of the people, by the people,
for the people”
America is “ONE NATION” not a collection
of sovereign states as the South believed.
VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPIJULY1863
GRANT TOOK CONTROL OF THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN THIS BATTLE
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
*SHERMAN’S PLAN-1864
TOTAL WAR
SCORCHED EARTH
Totally destroyed Charleston, S.C. and
Atlanta, GA. – the premier cities in the
South
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
DETAILS OF SURRENDER
APRIL 9, 1865- The last major
Confederate Army surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse (VA)
*Lincoln requested terms be generous:
1. Grant paroled Lee’s officers
2. Let soldiers keep personal possessions,
horses and 3 days’ rations
3. Officers permitted to keep side arms
*COMMON SOLDIERS
HAND TO HAND COMBAT
DIARIES AND LETTERS TELL THE
STORY
PERMANENT DISABILTIES
SOUTH-HOMES, FARMLAND
DESTROYED
African-American Recruiting Poster
**AFRICAN AMERICANS IN
CIVIL WAR
EMANCIPATION ALLOWED FOR
ENLISTMENT
BY WAR’S END 10% OF UNION ARMY
SERVED IN SEGREGATED UNITS-EX.
54TH INFANTRY-GLORY
WHEN CAPTURED BY
CONFEDERATES-KILLED NOT JAILED
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould Shaw
WOMEN IN THE WARCLARA BARTON-started Red Cross
**WOMEN’S ROLES
MANAGED HOMES AND FAMILIES
WITH SCARCE RESOURCES
FACED POVERTY AND HUNGER
BECAME FARMERS, NURSES, AND
WORKED IN WAR INDUSTRIES
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
**Lincoln’s Assassination
April 14, 1865
John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson (VICE PRESIDENT)
becomes President
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the
Ages!
The Execution
ANDREW JOHNSONPresident after Lincoln’s
Assassination