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The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST
BROTHER
Jefferson Davis-South
Pres. Jefferson Davis
**JEFFERSON DAVIS
US SENATOR WHO BECAME
PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE
STATES OF AMERICA (CSA)
Robert E. Lee-South
**ROBERT E. LEE-SOUTH
CONFEDERATE GENERAL OF THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA
LEE OPPOSED SECESSION BUT DID NOT
BELIEVE UNION SHOULD BE HELD
TOGETHER BY FORCE
AFTER APPOMATTOX-LEE URGED
SOUTHERNERS TO ACCEPT DEFEAT AND
TO UNITE AGAIN
President Abraham LincolnNorth
**ABRAHAM LINCOLNNORTH
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
INSISTED THAT THE UNION BE
HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE IF
NECESSARY
Ulysses Grant-North
**ULYSSES GRANT-NORTH
UNION MILITARY COMMANDER
WON VICTORIES OVER THE SOUTH
AFTER SEVERAL OTHER UNION
COMMANDERS HAD FAILED
FREDERICK DOUGLASSNORTH
**FREDERICK DOUGLASSNORTH
FORMER SLAVE WHO BECAME A
PROMINENT ABOLITIONIST
URGED LINCOLN TO RECRUIT
FORMER SLAVES TO FIGHT IN THE
UNION ARMY
**CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR
Sectional disagreements and debated over
tariffs, extension of slavery in the territories,
and the nature of the Union(states’ rights)
Northern abolitionists versus Southern
defenders of slavery
US Supreme Court decision Dred Scott
case(ruled African Americans not citizens)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher Stowe
Ineffective Presidents in the 1850’s
Series of failed Compromises
Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861 in the
South
**SECESSION
1861-7 STATES SECEDED BECAUSE
LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENTFEARED LINCOLN WOULD ABOLISH
SLAVERY
SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST.
THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
(CSA) WAS FORMED
*4 STATES WERE SLAVE STATES BUT
STAYED IN UNION BORDER STATESMISSOURI,KENTUCKY,MARYLAND, AND
DELAWARE AND LATER WEST VIRGINIA
Rating the North & the South
Slave/Free States Population,
1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
The Confederate “White House”
Richmond, VA
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
First Skirmish of the Civil War
Ft. Sumter,S.C.-April,12,1861
**FT. SUMTER,S.C. DETAILS
THIS WAS THE SPARK-OPENING
CONFRONTATION IN THE CIVIL WAR
SOUTHERNERS BOMBARDED THE
FORT AND TOOK CONTROL APRIL
12,1861
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
*MONITOR V MERRIMAC
DETAILS
*1862-MERRIMAC(CSS VIRGINIA) WAS A
UNION SHIP THE CONFEDERACY COVERED
IN IRON
*THE UNION’S IRONCLAD –THE MONITOR
*FOUGHT IN HAMPTON ROADS WATERS
*CONSIDERED A DRAW
THE MONITOR SUNK OFF COAST N.C
THE SOUTH DESTROYED THE MERRIMAC
Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
26,000 casualties
**DETAILS OF ANTIETAM,MD
1862- BLOODIEST SINGLE BATTLE IN
AMERICAN HISTORY-26,000 DEAD.
MORE THAN THE WAR OF 1812 AND
MEXICAN WAR COMBINED
CONSIDERED A DRAW –BUT THE
SOUTH LOST A QUARTER OF ITS MEN
AND RETREATED
IMPORTANCE- SINGLE BLOODIEST
BATTLE IN US HISTORY
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation-
**EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
JANUARY 1, 1863
FREED SLAVES IN THE “REBELLING
STATES”
ONLY APPLIED TO SOUTHERN
CONFEDERATE STATES-NOT UNION OR
BORDER STATES
MADE THE DESTRUCTION OF SLAVERY A
NORTHERN WAR AIM
DISCOURAGED INTERFERENCE BY
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
ALLOWED ENLISTMENT OF AFRICAN
AMERICANS IN THE UNION ARMY
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
**DETAILS OF
GETTYSBURG,PA
*1863-TURNING POINT OF WAR
3 DAY BLOODY BATTLE
NORTH-23,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED
SOUTH-28,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED
+THE SOUTHERN ARMY WAS STOPPED
HERE
*IMPORTANCE-TURNING POINT OF WAR
Gettysburg Casualties
Gettysburg
*GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
Lincoln described the war aim now as a
struggle to preserve the nation“SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION”
“All men are created equal”
Government “of the people, by the people,
for the people”
America is “ONE NATION” not a collection
of sovereign states as the South believed.
Southerners believed that states had freely
joined the Union and could freely leave.
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
**DETAILS OF SURRENDER
**APRIL 9, 1865- The last major
Confederate Army surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse (VA)
*Lincoln requested terms be generous:
1. Grant paroled Lee’s officers
2. Let soldiers keep personal possessions,
horses and 3 days’ rations
3. Officers permitted to keep side arms
*COMMON SOLDIERS
HAND TO HAND COMBAT
DIARIES AND LETTERS TELL THE
STORY
PERMANENT DISABILTIES
SOUTH-HOMES, FARMLAND
DESTROYED
African-American Recruiting Poster
**AFRICAN AMERICANS IN
CIVIL WAR
*EMANCIPATION ALLOWED FOR
ENLISTMENT
*BY WAR’S END 10% OF UNION ARMY
SERVED IN SEGREGATED UNITS-EX.
54TH INFANTRY-GLORY
WHEN CAPTURED BY
CONFEDERATES-KILLED NOT JAILED
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
WOMEN IN THE WARCLARA BARTON
American Redcorss
American Red Cross
**WOMEN’S ROLES
MANAGED HOMES AND FAMILIES
WITH SCARCE RESOURCES
FACED POVERTY AND HUNGER
BECAME FARMERS, NURSES, AND
WORKED IN WAR INDUSTRIES
Inflation in the South
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the
Ages!
The Execution
ANDREW JOHNSONPresident after Lincoln’s
Assassination