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Civil War Battles Battles • The first large battle did not take place until 3 months after Ft. Sumter • Battles were named differently in the North and South – North named battles after the nearest body of water (creek, river, etc) – South named battles after the nearest town First Bull Run July 21, 1861 Confederate General: Stonewall Jackson Union General: McDowell Victory: Confederacy Significance: Spectators came to watch; proved this was not going to be a short war VA & NC Coast March 9, 1862 Confederate General: Union General: Victory: N/A Significance: Use of iron armor for ships; Confederates ship was once a Union ship; beginning of the end of wooden warships Tennessee to New Orleans (War in the West) Feb-April 1862 Confederate General: Bragg Johnston Beauregard Union Generals: Grant (West) Farragut (New Orleans) Victory: Union Significance: Grant drove Confederates out of Western KY and TN; boosted northern morale; took New Orleans but not Mississippi River Seven Days Battle June 26- July 2, 1862 Confederate General: Lee Union General: McClellan Victory: Confederate Significance: McClellan forced to retreat to Washington; crushed northern morale; McClellan replaced Second Bull Run August 28-29, 1862 Confederate General: Lee Union General: Pope Victory: Confederate Significance: Energized Lee and led Lincoln to return McClellan to command; South was pushing North Antietam September 17, 1862 Confederate General: Lee Union General: McClellan Victory: Union Significance: Lee hoped to inspire a pro-Confederate uprising in MD; Lee’s plans were found in a cigar; bloodiest single day battle; Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Confederate General: Lee Pickett Union General: Meade Chamberlain Victory: Union Significance: Turning Point!! Farthest the South would ever get in the North Vicksburg July 4, 1863 Confederate General: Pemberton Union General: Grant Victory: Union Significance: Union put the city of Vicksburg under siege for six weeks; Union captured the Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy Chattanooga to the Sea “Sherman’s March” June- December 1864 Confederate General: Lee Union General: Sherman Victory: Union Significance: Total War; Sherman’s army tore up railroad tracks, destroyed buildings, and vandalized homes; took Atlanta, Savannah and headed north; helped Lincoln win re-election; demoralized the south Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Confederate General: Lee Union General: Grant Victory: Union Significance: Generous terms of surrender; strengthened the federal gov’t power of states; ended slavery (13th amendment); South left socially and economically ruined Lincoln Assassination April 14, 1865 •On April 14 just days after Lee surrendered, Lincoln went to Ford Theatre to enjoy a show •John Wilkes Booth approached the box and shot Lincoln in the back of the head •Booth was shot and killed several days later while hiding in a barn •Part of a plot to kill many members of the government •Lincoln’s death had a deep political impact- the strong, skilled leader was gone War’s Lasting Impact •Economy: •Surge in manufacturing •South was ruined •Society: •Southerners were in mourning •African Americans were disoriented, but had hope •Government and Politics: •Eased the disunity in American political life •Overtime the regions would intertwine •Helped cement federal authority