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The Civil War #1 The Confederate States of America Who was involved? 1 The Civil War #2 The Union (Free States & Territories) Who was involved? 2 The Civil War #3 The Border States Who was involved? 3 The Civil War “I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky” -Abraham Lincoln Why were the Border States so important? •Important geographically Why were the Border States so unusual? •Slave states that stayed with the Union 4 The Civil War Total War - organization of all How did they fight? the resources (people and products) of a country towards the war effort •The resources of enemy civilians are fair targets in total war (ex. Farms, food, etc) 5 Thinking Question: (Don’t write! Just think!) Are governments ever justified in targeting civilians (non-soldiers) in wartime? 6 Advantages and Disadvantages: North •Population: 22 million •4 million men of combat age South •Population: 9 million •1.2 million men of fighting age •3.5 million slaves North has the advantage in population 7 Advantages and Disadvantages: North •Economy: 100,000 Factories •70,000 miles of Railroad •$190,000 in bank deposits South •Economy: 20,000 factories •9,000 miles of Railroad •$50,000 in bank deposits North has the advantage in industrial power 8 Advantages and Disadvantages: North •Armed Forces: mostly drafted soldiers with overly cautious officers •More soldiers •African Americans - 10% of Union forces South •Armed Forces: better trained soldiers & better leadership •No real navy •Strong navy 9 North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South in the quality of soldiers & generals Advantages and Disadvantages: North •Government Strong wellestablished government 10 South Government Weak government, most power given to states North has a stronger government, better able to direct resources (people & products) towards the war Advantages and Disadvantages: North •Motivation: Preserve the union •Later - free the slaves South •Motivation: Preserve way of life Who has the advantage in motivation? 11 You decide. Goals: South 1. Defend existing territory North 1. Blockade the South 2. Divide - Split the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi River 3. Conquer - remaining parts 2. Gain recognition of Confederacy as independent nation Whose goals would be easier to reach? 12 Leaders: Abraham Lincoln: “A House divided against itself cannot stand” -A. Lincoln •Little political experience (served 1 term in the House of Representatives) •Strong reputation for honesty, temperance, jokes and storytelling 13 Leaders: “All we ask is to be left alone” -- J. Davis •West Point graduate, Colonel in Mexican-American war, Secretary of war, & Senator from Miss. •Not a popular president, especially with big fans of state’s rights Who has the advantage in leadership? 14 Jefferson Davis: George G. Meade Northern Commanders Joseph Hooker George McClellan 15 Irwin McDowell A. E. Burnside Ulysses S. Grant Northern Commanders -- “When in doubt, fight” U.S. Grant • Son of an Ohio tailor. •Drunken failure until the Civil War • Reputation for boldness, resourcefulness, & persistence 16