Download The Civil War in Kentucky

The Civil War in Kentucky
Antebellum Kentucky
Kentucky Neutrality
The Confederate Heartland Offensive
Kentucky’s Confederate Government in Exile
Antebellum Kentucky
My Old Kentucky Home
How much of a connection to the South did
Kentucky have prior to the Civil War?
Antebellum Kentucky
Antebellum is a Latin phrase which
means “before the fighting started”.
In Kentucky this period before the Civil
War began was a time of great stress
and confusion.
It was also a time of significant divisions
among the people of Kentucky. North and
South, Slave and Free, Rich and Poor, all
were in conflict with each other.
Was Kentucky a Northern
state or a Southern state?
This is a difficult question to answer. At
the time Kentucky was actually neither.
They considered themselves a Western
state. The great Kentucky Senator,
Henry Clay, was known as “Henry of the
West” and “The Western Star”.
Was Kentucky a Northern
state or a Southern state?
The map shows the
United States in 1859,
just prior to the Civil
War. Up until this time
Kentuckians were used
to thinking of
themselves as
Westerners.
Was Kentucky a Slave holding
state or a Free state?
Kentucky was very definitely a slave
owning state. At the start of the Civil War
20% of the people living in the
Commonwealth of Kentucky were slaves.
That is one person out of every five was
a slave.
Margaret Garner, an escaped
slave, from Boone County, KY
How was Kentucky different from
other slave holding states?
Geography:
Because of the
Mississippi and
Ohio rivers and
the invention of
the railroad
Kentucky had
strong ties to the
North.
How was Kentucky different from
other slave holding states?
Economics: Because
slaves did so much of the
unskilled and semi-skilled
labor in the state many
Kentucky natives had to
move north to find work.
This created a bond with
the north that many other
slave owning states did
not share.
How was Kentucky different from
other slave holding states?
Economics: Kentucky did
not have large
plantations. Most of the
farms in Kentucky were
small, family owned
farms. These small farms
generally could not afford
to own slaves.
How was Kentucky different from
other slave holding states?
Transylvania University, founded in 1798, is the
oldest College west of the Alleghany Mountains.
Other important Kentucky colleges were Centre
College and Georgetown College.
Education: Kentucky
had a higher
standard of
education than the
other slave holding
states. Kentuckians
were learning that
slavery was not
simply immoral it
was also an
inefficient economic
system.
How was Kentucky different from
other slave holding states?
Twenty churches formed the Kentucky
Abolition Society in 1808 to end slavery
Kentucky.
Cassius Marcellus Clay, Kentucky Abolitionist
Legal: Kentucky
had the strictest
rules of all slave
states prohibiting
the importation of
slaves into the
state.
What does this all mean?
Kentucky was a state both North
and South desperately wanted.
• Kentucky was a rich, powerful state which
could add considerable power to either
side.
• It’s location as a border state gave
Kentucky a strategic advantage that both
sides desperately desired.
View from the North
“I hope to have God on
my side. I must have
Kentucky.”
Abraham Lincoln, September, 1861
President of the United States
of America, Abraham Lincoln.
Born in Hardin County, KY.
View from the South
Confederate President
Jefferson Davis.
Born Christian County, KY.
If the South could
convince Kentucky to
join the Confederacy
they might be able to
secede from the Union
without going to war.
Four Corners Discussion Activity
Kentucky clearly had stronger
ties to the North than it did to
the South prior to the Civil War.
Assessment
• Things you need to know:
• The details; who, what, where when, why.
These are the basic, minimum facts you
need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you
understand the more complicated parts of
the lesson.
Assessment
Q. What does
Antebellum mean and
how is it used?
Assessment
Q. Before the Civil War
was Kentucky
considered a
Northern or a
Southern state?
Assessment
Q. Give one reason
why Kentucky was
different from the
other slave owning
states.
Assessment
Q. Why was Kentucky
so important to the
governments of both
the USA and CSA?
Assessment
Q.What does
A. Antebellum means
Antebellum mean and ‘time before the fighting
how is it used?
started’. In American
history it is usually used
to talk about the period
of time before the Civil
War.
Assessment
Q. Before the Civil War A. Neither. Before the
was Kentucky
Civil War Kentucky was
considered a
considered a Western
Northern or a
state. For most of
Southern state?
Americas history, up
until that time, Kentucky
had been the
westernmost state.
Assessment
Q. Give one reason
why Kentucky was
different from the
other slave owning
states.
A. There are many
reasons; Kentucky’s
geographic location, its
economic status, its
higher education level,
and its historic and
legal background all
made Kentucky unique
among the other slave
owning states.
Assessment
Q. Why was Kentucky A. Both the North and the
so important to the
South knew that
governments of both
Kentucky’s strength and
the USA and CSA?
strategic location would
be an important factor
in winning a war
between the states.
Whichever side had
Kentucky would win the
war.
The End
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Kentucky Neutrality
How did Kentucky react to the national
events of 1861?
Neutrality noun The act of not
supporting either side of a
debate, quarrel or party.
At the start of the Civil War
Kentucky felt that both sides, North and
South, were wrong and wanted to stay
out of the fight.
November, 1860
Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United
States
Fearing Lincoln’s politics seven states secede from
the Union by March, 1861.
•
•
•
•
South Carolina
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
• Louisiana
• Mississippi
• Texas
Lincoln is inaugurated
th
president on March 4 , 1861.
In his inauguration speech he promises
Americans of the North and South to maintain the
Union and to avoid war.
Tensions between North and
South continue to rise.
Confederate Flag
flying over Fort Sumter, SC.
On April 11th, 1861 Confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter,
SC. South Carolina did not want a Union outpost so near to
their capital. Union forces stationed there are forced to
surrender two days later.
After the attack on Fort Sumter Lincoln
calls for 75,000 volunteers to put down
the Confederate Rebellion.
Because of Lincolns preparations for war against
the Confederacy four more slave owning states
secede from the Union.
The Stars and Bars
The original flag of the
Confederate States of America
The first time it was ever flown in
public was in 1861 at the
Ben Johnson House in
Bardstown, KY.
• Arkansas
• North Carolina
• Tennessee
• Virginia
This leaves five slave states
remaining in the Union. They’re
known as “The Border States”
Much of the heaviest fighting of the
Civil War occurred in the Border
States. The photo shows the suffering
The people in them had to endure.
• Delaware
• Kentucky
• Maryland
• Missouri
• West Virginia
The Border States knew that they
would be caught in the middle of
any conflict between the North
and the South.
How did Kentucky decide to deal
with this problem?
At the time KY
governor Beriah
Magoffin favored the
states right to
secession but
wished to avoid it at
all cost. He worked
hard to create a
compromise that
would preserve the
Union.
KY Senator John
Crittenden wrote a
proposal called the
Crittenden plan which
would create several
amendments to the
Constitution that
protected the slave
trade and strengthened
the Fugitive Slave Act.
Lincoln, rejected the
plan because he had
been elected on an
Anti-Slavery platform.
Gov. Magoffin refuses to send
Kentucky troops or money to Lincoln.
Magoffin said, “I will send not a man nor a
dollar for the wicked purpose of subduing my
sister Southern states”.
The Old State Capitol building.
Built in 1830, it was replaced by
The current building in 1910.
Instead, on May 16, 1861, the Kentucky
General Assembly passes “The Declaration of
Neutrality” which makes the Commonwealth of
Kentucky officially neutral in the American Civil
War.
In order to show its neutrality
Kentucky does not fly the American
flag over the state capitol. Since
Kentucky did not adopt an official
state flag until 1918 they simply did
not fly a flag during this time of
neutrality.
Both sides claim to respect KY
neutrality but station soldiers just
outside of Kentucky borders.
• The Union stations soldiers at
Camp Clay, Ohio and Camp
Joe Holt, Indiana. Both are
directly across the Ohio River
from Kentucky.
• The Confederacy stations
soldiers at Fort Donelson
and Fort Henry, in
Tennessee. Some
Confederate troops are
camped only 50 yards from
the Kentucky border.
During this period both sides recruited soldiers from Kentucky.
Realizing that Kentucky would not be able to
remain neutral for long Governor Magoffin mobilizes the
Kentucky militia and prepares for the defense of
Kentucky from invaders.
Unfortunately the members of Kentucky’s militia
are just as divided as the rest of the state.
• The newly formed
Kentucky Home
Guard favored the
North.
• The Kentucky State
Guard, under the
command of Simon
Buckner mostly
favored the South.
The elections of 1861
On June 20th, 1861 Kentucky held a special
congressional election. In this election pro-Union
candidates control 9 of Kentucky’s 10
congressional seats.
In August 1861 KY holds state wide
elections. Pro-Union candidates win so many
seats that they can now easily override any veto
Gov. Magoffin makes which could benefit the
South.
The only section of Kentucky to
vote in favor of the South is the
Jackson Purchase region which
was heavily tied economically to
Tennessee.
Following the elections both sides begin to
operate more boldly in Kentucky.
• Union General Bull Nelson
opened Camp Dick
Robinson in Garrard
County, KY. Gov. Magoffin
complained to Lincoln but
he did nothing.
• Confederate forces
covertly occupied
Camp Boone near
Guthrie, KY in
preparation for a future
invasion.
The end of Kentucky’s neutrality
• 4 Sep 1861 – Confederate forces occupy
Columbus, KY to control the Mississippi
River and railroad assets there.
• 8 Sep 1861 – Gen US Grant orders Union
soldiers to capture Paducah and seize
control of the mouth of the Tennessee
River and the railroad in Paducah.
What does Kentucky do about it?
• 6 Sep 1861 - Governor Magoffin demands that both
sides withdraw their troops from Kentucky soil and
respect its neutrality.
• 7 Sep 1861 – The KY General Assembly passes a
resolution ordering the withdraw of Confederate, but
not Union, troops.
• Gov. Magoffin vetoes the resolution but the Assembly
easily overrides it.
• The Assembly orders the American flag to once again
fly over the State Capitol, officially ending Kentucky
neutrality.
What next?
• The North must make sure that they are strong
enough to keep and defend Kentucky. They
must also keep the citizens of Kentucky happy
and on the side of the Union.
• The South must try to gain control of Kentucky
at all costs.
• Many Kentuckians are still pro-South and try to
create a Confederate government in Kentucky.
Four Corners Discussion Activity
The vast majority of
Kentuckians supported the
North during the Civil War.
Assessment
• Things you need to know:
• The details; who, what, where when, why.
These are the basic, minimum facts you
need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you
understand the more complicated parts of
the lesson.
Assessment
Q. What were the
Border States?
Assessment
Q. What were the
details of the Fort
Sumter
bombardment?
Assessment
Q. What did Lincoln do
in response to the
attack on Fort
Sumter?
Assessment
Q. Who was the
Kentucky governor at
the start of the Civil
War?
Assessment
Q. Why did Kentucky
declare a policy of
neutrality at the start
of the Civil War?
Assessment
Q. What were the
Border States?
A. Delaware, Kentucky,
Maryland, Missouri and
later West Virginia were
the slave owning states
which remained loyal to
the Union. They were
called the Border States
because they lay
between the North and
South.
Assessment
Q. What were the
details of the Fort
Sumter
bombardment?
A. When – 11 April 1861
B. Where – Fort Sumter,
SC
C. Who – The South
bombarded Fort
Sumter.
D. Why – Fort Sumter
was a Union post in
SC.
Assessment
Q. What did Lincoln do A. Lincoln called for state
in response to the
governors to raise a
attack on Fort
Federal Army of 75,000
Sumter?
troops.
Assessment
Q. Who was the
A. Beriah Magoffin was
Kentucky governor at the governor of
the start of the Civil
Kentucky at the start of
War?
the Civil War.
Assessment
Q. Why did Kentucky
A. The Border State
declare a policy of
Kentucky had close ties
neutrality at the start
to both the North and
of the Civil War?
South. While Kentucky
politicians generally
supported southern
States Rights policy
they felt that secession
was to be avoided at all
costs.
The End
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The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
What was the major campaign fought in Kentucky during the
Civil War?
The
Confederate
Heartland
Offensive
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The US Navy
controlled the
Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The US Navy
controlled the
Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers
• This meant that the
state of Tennessee
was virtually
surrounded by the
Union Navy.
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The rail center in
Corinth, TN was
abandoned by the
Confederates.
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The rail center in
Corinth, TN was
abandoned by the
Confederates.
• This gave the Union
control of western TN
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The rail center in
Corinth, TN was
abandoned by the
Confederates.
• This gave the Union
control of western TN
Union forces had
• This left the South with great success in the
west in the spring of
only one railway line
1862.
east of the Mississippi
River.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The US Navy, led
by Admiral David
Farragut, from TN,
captured New
Orleans.
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
The Confederate Heartland
Offensive
• The US Navy, led
by Admiral David
Farragut, from TN,
captured New
Orleans.
• The North now
controlled all
southern access to
the Mississippi
River.
Union forces had
great success in the
west in the spring of
1862.
Admiral David G. Farragut
• 5 July 1801–14 Aug 1870
• Born near Knoxville, TN
• Fought during the War of
1812 when he was 12.
• Hero of the Battle of
Mobile Bay
• Famous quote “Damn the
torpedoes, Full speed
ahead!”
Vicksburg, MS 4 July 1863
In order to protect the important Mississippi
port of Vicksburg the South begins the
Heartland Campaign
General Braxton Bragg is chosen
to command the offensive.
•
•
•
•
22 Mar 1817-27 Sep 1876
Born at Warrenton, NC
Fought in the Mexican War
Led the Army of
Tennessee in an invasion
of Kentucky
• Military Advisor to
Jefferson Davis
Goals of the Offensive
Goals of the Offensive
• Outflank the Union Army of the Ohio and
draw them away from the important
southern stronghold of Vicksburg, MS.
Goals of the Offensive
• Outflank the Union Army of the Ohio and
draw them away from the important
southern stronghold of Vicksburg, MS.
• Attract Kentucky volunteers to join the
Confederate Army
Goals of the Offensive
• Outflank the Union Army of the Ohio and
draw them away from the important
southern stronghold of Vicksburg, MS.
• Attract Kentucky volunteers to join the
Confederate Army
• Draw Kentucky into the war on the
Confederate side.
August 1862 Braggs army
invades Kentucky
Kentucky native John Morgan
promises that when Bragg’s army enters
Kentucky tens of thousands of Kentucky
men will join the Confederacy. This
persuades Bragg to leave Tennessee and
invade the Union state of Kentucky.
August 1862 Braggs army
invades Kentucky
While many Kentucky men did in fact
join the Confederacy Morgan’s prediction
proved false. Nearly 80,000 Kentuckians
served in the Union army while only
approximately 25,000 served in the
Confederate army. Braggs invasion
gathered little support in Kentucky for the
South.
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smith’s
army captures Frankfort, KY
The Confederate Monument
in Frankfort, KY.
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smith’s
army captures Frankfort, KY
• Frankfort was the only
Union state capital
captured during the Civil
War.
The Confederate Monument
in Frankfort, KY.
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smith’s
army captures Frankfort, KY
• Frankfort was the only
Union state capital
captured during the Civil
War.
• 4 Oct 1862 Richard
Hawes is inaugurated as
Kentucky’s 2nd
The Confederate Monument
in Frankfort, KY.
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smith’s
army captures Frankfort, KY
The Confederate Monument
in Frankfort, KY.
• Frankfort was the only
Union state capital
captured during the Civil
War.
• 4 Oct 1862 Richard
Hawes is inaugurated as
Kentucky’s 2nd
Confederate governor.
• It remains in Confederate
control until after the
Battle of Perryville.
8 Oct 1862
The Battle of Perryville
• 7 Oct 1862 Union forces occupy Perryville
in pursuit of Braggs army.
8 Oct 1862
The Battle of Perryville
• 7 Oct 1862 Union forces occupy Perryville
in pursuit of Braggs army.
• 8 Oct 1862 Braggs forces attack the Union
army
8 Oct 1862
The Battle of Perryville
• 7 Oct 1862 Union forces occupy Perryville
in pursuit of Braggs army.
• 8 Oct 1862 Braggs forces attack the Union
army.
• 9 Oct 1862 Despite having a strong
tactical battle Bragg decides to withdraw.
The Battle of Perryville
“Why did Bragg withdraw?”
Many historians wonder why Bragg
withdrew from Perryville and leave
Kentucky even though his army had a
tactical advantage.
“Why did Bragg withdraw from
Kentucky?”
Theory 01
Bragg did not get the support from
Kentucky he was promised. Everywhere
his Army went they were opposed by the
US Army and hostile Kentucky natives.
“Why did Bragg withdraw from
Kentucky?”
Theory 02
Bragg did not want to spend the winter
in Kentucky. His army was 100’s of miles
from supply lines that he could trust. With
winter setting in he did not want to leave his
men to have to spend the winter in what he
considered a northern state.
“Why did Bragg withdraw from
Kentucky?”
Theory 03
Many of Braggs senior officers
disobeyed or failed to follow his orders.
Several of them were court-martialed after
their return to Tennessee. Perhaps if Bragg
had had the support of his officers the
outcome may have been different.
“Why did Bragg withdraw from
Kentucky?”
Theory 04
Bragg was a poor general who did not
know how to take advantage of a winning
situation. After the army’s retreat to Tennessee
Bragg had to report to President Jefferson Davis
and explain his reason for leaving Kentucky after
winning so many battles there.
Was the Confederate
Heartland Offensive a failure?
While it did not meet it’s primary objective;
to have Kentucky leave the Union and join the
Confederacy, Union forces were forced out of
northern Alabama and most of central
Tennessee. It would take the North a year to
regain the lost ground.
Four Corners Discussion Activity
Kentucky would have been
better off if Bragg had stayed
and fought in Kentucky instead
of returning to Tennessee.
Assessment
• Things you need to know:
• The details; who, what, where when, why.
These are the basic, minimum facts you
need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you
understand the more complicated parts of
the lesson.
Assessment
Q. What year was the
Confederate
Heartland Campaign
run?
Assessment
Q. Who were the
commanders during
the Heartland
Campaign?
Assessment
Q. Why did the South
begin the Heartland
Offensive?
Assessment
Q. Who was Kentucky’s
second Confederate
Governor?
Assessment
Q. Why did the
Confederates
Heartland Campaign
fail?
Assessment
Q. What year was the
Confederate
Heartland Campaign
run?
A. The Heartland
Campaign was run
from June to October,
1862. Kentucky was
mostly involved in
August, September
and October.
Assessment
Q. Who were the
commanders during
the Heartland
Campaign?
Gen. Bragg
Gen. Buell
A. The Confederate
Commander was
General Braxton
Bragg, from
Warrenton, North
Carolina.
The Union
Commander was
General Don Carlos
Buell, from Lowell,
Ohio.
Assessment
Q. Why did the South
begin the Heartland
Offensive?
A. The North had had
several major victories
in the West in 1861 and
1862. The South
needed to take the
pressure off of areas of
strategic importance,
such as Vicksburg, and
apply pressure of their
own, where it would
hurt the North, such as
in Kentucky.
Assessment
Q. Who was Kentucky’s
second Confederate
governor?
A. Richard Hawes, born
in Caroline County,
VA, was Kentucky’s
2nd Confederate
governor. He spent
most of his time as
governor in exile in
Tennessee and
Virgina.
Assessment
A. Rather than take
Q. Why did the
advantage of his
Confederates
Heartland Campaign victories at Perryville and
Munfordville General
fail?
Bragg withdrew from
Kentucky leaving it to the
Union. Bragg felt he had
no support in Kentucky
and was too far from
Confederate supply
lines.
The End
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Confederate Kentucky
How much of a role did the Confederates play in
Kentucky's government?
During the Civil War Kentucky had
two governments.
The recognized, legal
government of
Kentucky was part of
the United States of
America.
The shadow government
of Kentucky was part of
the Confederate States
of America.
When a state or country is in political
upheaval sometimes a second government is
formed which will be ready to take charge if the
legitimate, legal government is overthrown.
This is often called a shadow government.
This seal was used to
represent the Confederate
government of the state of
Kentucky.
Voce Populi is the Latin phrase
for “Voice of the People”.
Why did Kentucky have two
governments?
During the Civil War many
Kentuckians had close family, cultural
and economic ties to the Confederacy.
They also felt that the American
government was wrong on it’s policy
regarding states rights.
How powerful was Kentucky’s
Confederate Shadow Government?
• The shadow government never replaced the
elected government in Frankfort, which had
strong Union sympathies.
• It never gained the support of Kentucky's
citizens, they continued to support the Union
• Its jurisdiction extended only as far as
Confederate battle lines in the Commonwealth.
Despite having little power in Kentucky the
Shadow Government was recognized by the
Confederate States of America as the states legitimate
government.
The central star on the
Confederate Battle Flag
represents Kentucky.
*Note it’s square design. The CSA
Battle Flag was square, not rectangular
like most other flags.
Kentucky was admitted to the Confederacy on
December 10th, 1861.
Bowling Green was the
Confederate capital for Kentucky.
• BG was chosen for it’s large
size economic wealth and
because it was close to
Tennessee.
• In mid-Feb 1862 Union forces
capture BG from the retreating
Confederate Army.
• As they left Confederate
soldiers burned much of BG to
the ground so that the Union
Army could not use it.
A monument to Confederate
Soldiers in Bowling Green, KY.
When the Confederate Army fled Bowling
Green Kentucky’s Confederate government
had to flee with them.
For much of the next four years the
Kentucky government traveled with the
Confederate Army of Tennessee trying to
persuade the CSA to return to Kentucky and
defeat the Union Army there.
George W. Johnson
Kentucky’s 1st Confederate Governor
• Born May 27th, 1811 in
Scott County, KY
• Died April 8th, 1862 at
the Battle of Shiloh
• Johnson believed that
if Kentucky joined the
Confederacy the CSA
would be too strong for
the Union to fight and
we could avoid the Civil
War.
George W. Johnson
Kentucky’s 1st Confederate Governor
Johnson was the only
American governor,
Confederate or Union, to
die in battle during the
Civil War.
Richard Hawes
Kentucky’s 2nd (and last)
Confederate Governor
• Born February 6th,
1797 in Caroline
County, VA.
• Died May 25th, 1877
in Paris, KY.
• After Johnson was
killed Hawes was
selected by the 10
member state council
to become governor.
Richard Hawes
Kentucky’s 2nd (and last)
Confederate Governor
• Hawes followed
General Braggs Army
into KY during the
Confederate
Heartland Offensive.
• Hawes was
inaugurated in
Frankfort after Braggs
army captured it in
October, 1862.
Richard Hawes
Kentucky’s 2nd (and last)
Confederate Governor
• He was forced to
leave Kentucky after
Braggs army left it
after the Battle of
Perryville.
• Hawes spent the
remainder of the war
living near the
Confederate capitol in
Richmond, VA.
Goals of Kentucky’s Confederate
Government
• Persuade the Confederate army to force
the Union army to leave Kentucky.
• Support the CSA by recruiting soldiers and
supplies for the war effort.
• Be prepared to take over the state
government when the Confederacy won
the war.
Kentucky’s Confederate government
had little success with their goals.
• They were only able to persuade the army to
return once, during the failed Heartland
Offensive.
• They were able to provide soldiers and supplies
for the war effort, but nowhere near what they
had hoped for.
• Since the Confederacy lost the war Kentucky’s
Confederate government were considered
traitors and criminals instead of heroes.
What happened to the members of the
Confederate government after the Civil War?
• After the Civil War the Union government
wanted life to return to normal as quickly as
possible.
• Under President Johnson’s Restoration Plan
wealthy landowners and high ranking
Confederate government officials could be
pardoned by the president after swearing an
Oath of Allegiance to the United States of
America.
What happened to the members of the
Confederate government after the Civil War?
• Many Kentucky members of the Confederacy
agreed to take this oath.
• Richard Hawes agreed and became a county
judge in Bourbon County.
• John Breckinridge, of Kentucky and
Confederate Secretary of War, became a
businessman in Lexington.
• President Jefferson Davis sold life insurance in
Tennessee and wrote a history of the
Confederacy.
Four Corners Discussion Activity
Kentucky should have seceded
in March 1861, instead of
waiting until after the war
started.
Assessment
• Things you need to know:
• The details; who, what, where when, why.
These are the basic, minimum facts you
need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you
understand the more complicated parts of
the lesson.
Assessment
Q. What is a shadow
government?
Assessment
Q. Where was the
Confederate capitol of
Kentucky?
Assessment
Q. Which star on the
Confederate Battle
Flag represents
Kentucky?
Assessment
Q. Who were the
Confederate
governors of
Kentucky?
Assessment
Q. How did members of
the Confederacy
regain their rights as
American citizens?
Assessment
Q. What is a shadow
government?
A. When a state or
country is in political
upheaval sometimes a
second government is
formed which will be
ready to take charge if
the legitimate, legal
government is
overthrown.
Assessment
Q. Where was the
A. The Confederate
Confederate capitol of capitol of Kentucky was
Kentucky?
in Bowling Green.
Assessment
Q. Which star on the
Confederate Battle
Flag represents
Kentucky?
A. The center star on the
Confederate Battle Flag
represents Kentucky.
Assessment
Q. Who were the
Confederate
governors of
Kentucky?
A. George Johnson and
Richard Hawes were
the Confederate
governors of Kentucky.
Assessment
Q. How did members of A. People in the
the Confederacy
Confederate states had
regain their rights as
to swear an oath of
American citizens?
allegiance to the United
States in order to regain
their rights. Those who
had been members of
the government had to
have a presidential
pardon.
The End
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Resources
• The Civil War in
Kentucky, by Kent
Brown
• Remembering
Kentucky’s
Confederates, by
Geoffrey Walden
• War in Kentucky, by
James McDonough
• The Breckinridge
Family
• The Henry Clay
Estate
• The Library of
Congress