* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Civil War
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Kentucky in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Fort Fisher wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
The Road to Civil War Missouri Compromise of 1820 Supposed to settle issue of slavery in new western territories Compromise favored the AntiSlave folks (Abolitionists) It was not strictly followed The Problem? California splits the 36º30’ line from the MO Compromise. The Solution: 1. CA enters as a Free State 2. NM has no restrictions on slavery (no duh, they are under the 36º30’ anyways) 3. Slave Trade (NOT slavery) is outlawed in DC 4. Congress will pass a more strict Fugitive Slave Law So,look what’s theFugitive next Conflict? Let’s at that Slave Law The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 •It required ALL citizens to help catch runaway slaves •The Act actually convinced more Northerners to oppose slavery •Northern juries refused to convict those who broke the law •But, the law did have influential supporters in the North like Franklin Pierce (President) Let the People decide the slavery issue? Next HotAND Button Issue . . . KANSAS NEBRASKA The Kansas-Nebraska Act Both KS and NE wanted in as states Both states are above the 36º30’ line Both states would therefore be free states Enter Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois The Kansas-Nebraska Act Douglas had money tied up in the Railroad He also wanted to be President in the near future He figured he needed Southern support for that run So, here is the idea Douglas comes up with Throw out the Missouri Compromise Let the people decide the issue of slavery for themselves (popular sovereignty) The Kansas-Nebraska Act He figures that the people moving into these territories will not vote for slavery But, he’s allowed the people to decide which the South would support And he has done away with the unpopular and ineffective Missouri Compromise Bleeding Kansas In 1855, KS elects a pro-slavery legislature with the help of thousands of Border Ruffians, people who crossed the border just to vote This government kept anti-slavery people out of office and they had no voice Then, the anti-slavery folks formed another government and violence erupted Bleeding Kansas John Brown and his family murdered 4 pro-slavery folks in the night but, there was this on both sides Unfortunately, Congress was split over the issue and nothing was done to stop the violence Finally, troops were sent in and order restored – sort of The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave who was taken with his family to free territory and then back to the South He took his case to the Supreme Court to argue that since he lived in “free” territory, he should be a free man The Supreme Court ruled against him. Dred Scott The Court, led by slaveholder Roger B. Taney, ruled against Dred Scott for two reasons First was that Dred Scott was not considered a citizen (since he was a slave) and therefore had no standing in court (could not sue). Second was that slaves were considered property and only their owner could grant freedom. The govn’t can’t just take away your property The Election of 1860 The Republicans (newly formed and anti-slavery) nominated Abraham Lincoln Northern Democrats (popular sovereignty decides slavery) nominated Stephen Douglas Pro-slavery Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge Constitutional Union Party (neutral on slavery) nominated John Bell The Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln won the election without carrying a single Southern state. He wasn’t even on the ballot for most of them! He did win all Northern states. The writing was clearly on the wall for the South. They could not overcome Northern (anti-slave) power. Southern Reaction Lincoln and the Republicans promised not to disturb slavery, but many in the South didn’t trust them. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union! Southern Reaction The stage was set for the formation of the Confederate States of America when in February of 1861, TX, LA, MS, AL, FL and GA joined SC. Later that year, AR, TN, NC and VA made it 11 states to join the CSA. The Confederate States of America Which Is the real flag of the CSA? The Confederate States of America Which Is the real flag of the CSA? First flag “Stars and Bars” Battle Flag Second National Flag Navy Jack “Rebel” Flag Third National Flag The Confederate States of America The CSA claimed it had the right to secede because of States Rights The federal government, in their mind, had refused to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act and thus had given the CSA states the right to leave the Union. On February 4, 1861, representatives met in Montgomery, AL to form a new government and elected Jefferson Davis as their President The Civil War Begins Back in Charleston, the new CSA threatened to bombard Fort Sumter South Carolina had given the commander of the fort orders to leave the harbor just outside of Charleston President Lincoln refused to recall his troops and SC troops bombarded the installation on April 12, 1861. The Federal fort was surrendered on the 14th and the Civil War had begun. The Civil War (1861-1865) Who’s In and Who’s Out? •Lincoln issued a call for troops in response to Fort Sumter’s surrender •Because of this, Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia and North Carolina all joined the Confederacy •The Border States of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware stayed with the Union (some more by force than choice) The Civil War (1861-1865) The Border States The Border States were Slave States but Lincoln needed them too much Missouri and Kentucky •Protected Union farmland to the North •They helped control the MS and OH Rivers Maryland •w/o it, DC would be surrounded by the CSA Delaware •Protects the ports of Philadelphia The Civil War (1861-1865) Here’s a tough question The Civil War (1861-1865) Why? Union or Confederacy? Who had the advantage in the War? The Civil War (1861-1865) Union Advantages The Union had larger population More troops means the Union can withstand more casualties and overcome poor military leadership The Union had more industry This means more weapons and ammunition Abraham Lincoln Like him or not, the Union couldn’t have won without his leadership. Confederate Advantages The CSA had a cause Much like our Revolution, the people were fighting to be free from an oppressive government Military Leadership The South had more trained officers and more trained troops who had just finished fighting against Mexican troops Plus, the CSA had “home field advantage” The Civil War (1861-1865) Union war plan – Anaconda Plan #1 Blockade the Confederate Coastline This keeps the troop movement slow and keeps the South from exporting cotton = = The Civil War (1861-1865) Union war plan #2 Control the Mississippi River This cuts off the “West” from the rest of the CSA The Civil War (1861-1865) Confederate war plan It was a simple one-part plan Fight a “defensive” war. Make it difficult enough for the Union to take them back, the Union would simply get tired of fighting and recognize the CSA as a new nation. Besides, they didn’t have the troop numbers to go on the “offensive.” The Civil War (1861-1865) Who were these two sides? The Confederates were broken into two major Armies The Army of Tennessee •This was the combination of the Armies of Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee •was headed by a few different Generals •Fought mostly in the Western Campaigns The Army of Northern Virginia •Eventually was headed by Robert E. Lee •Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns The Civil War (1861-1865) Who were these two sides? The Union was broken into two major Armies as well The Army of the Tennessee •Fought in the Western Theater •Most notably headed by Generals Grant and Sherman The Army of the Potomac •Lincoln’s main Army •Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns •Headed by a bunch of men - finally Grant The Civil War (1861-1865) Early Years (1861-1862) Some Early Battles and their importance Date July 1861 April 1862 April 1862 Who Won? CSA Union Union Battle Significance First Bull Run or Manassas First major battle of Civil War Both sides disorganized Stonewall Jackson - Confederate hero CSA can’t capitalize on Union retreat Shiloh General Grant emerges as leader in West CSA wins 1st day, but reinforcements from Nashville help Union pull it out From here, the Union takes Corinth, MS and Memphis – starts control of MS River New Orleans David Farragut – Union Naval hero Union capture of city gives them total control of MS River and keeps the CSA from using it to ship goods The Civil War (1861-1865) Early Years (1861-1862) Some Early Battles and their importance Date March 1862 August 1862 Sept. 1862 Who Won? Battle Significance CSA Peninsular Campaign McClellan wastes too much time training and building his troops Robert E. Lee takes command of CSA troops – Army of Virginia Union fails to capture Richmond CSA 2nd Bull Run or Manassas Stonewall Jackson / Lee vs John Pope Richmond safe for now CSA pushes to 20 miles from DC Antietam (Maryland) Lee goes on the offensive to try to get aid from England or France with a win McClellan had actually found Lee’s plans, but was too cautious to act on them Union wins (barely), but McClellan replaced Union Top 5 Battles in Terms of Casualties Date Death Toll Battle / Total Sept. 17 1862 12,410 U 13,724 C Antietam 26,134 May 8-19 1864 18,399 U 9,000 C Spotsylvania 27,399 May 1-4 1863 17,278 U 12,821 C Chancellorsville 30,099 Sept 19-20 1863 16,170 U 18,454 C Chickamauga 34,624 July 1-3 1863 23,049 U 28,063 C Gettysburg 51,112 Death Tolls Did You Know? Dog Tags came from the Civil War Because the death toll was so high, soldiers printed their names and addresses on handkerchiefs or paper, which they pinned to their clothing before going into battle. Civil War Firsts that you may not have known! These things occurred for the first time during our Civil War Machine gun Steel Ships Submarine Snorkel breathing device Anti-aircraft fire Cigarette Tax Commissioned Army Chaplains Department of Justice (CSA) Electronically exploded bombs Flame Throwers According to The Civil War: Strange and Fascinating Facts by Burke Davis Medal of Honor Naval Torpedoes Black US Army Officer (Major M.R. Delaney) Battle Photography Repeating Rifles “Taps” Income Tax US Secret Service Anesthesia for surgery NO, YOU DIDN’T KNOW THEM ALL!!!! Lincoln and his commanders George McClellan Irvin McDowell Ambrose Burnside TOO SLOW Too Inexperienced Guess what we got from him? Joe Hooker Not your most upstanding figure Lincoln and his commanders George Meade He was the last real Commander of the Army of the Potomac And Finally in 1864 Ulysses S. Grant Commander of Federal Troops Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipator Early Views on Slavery Remember that Lincoln and most Republicans were for a gradual end to slavery. His main concern was with the Border States who still owned slaves. As the war moved on, the North saw slavery as helping the Confederate cause. Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipator The Times They are a Changin’ There was growing pressure from Free Blacks and Abolitionists in the North. Lincoln also needs a way to keep England and France out of this war. He also wanted the President to make a stand on slavery, not the Congress. Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipator The Emancipation Proclamation After victory at Antietam, Lincoln announced his intention to free the slaves of the South. On January 1, 1863 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, stating: “. . . all persons held as slaves within any state . . . in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Emancipation Proclamation What did it do? DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE UNION? NO! The Border States kept their slaves because they weren’t “in rebellion.” DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE SOUTH? NOT REALLY Remember, the CSA isn’t listening to Lincoln because they are “in rebellion” DUH Emancipation Proclamation What did it do? DID IT GIVE BLACKS AND SLAVES HOPE? YES, any slave who made it to Union controlled territory was set free and over 100,000 did just that. Furthermore, there were about 200,000 African Americans who served in the Union Armies and Navies. You may have seen this movie which is about the 54th Massachusetts A regiment that was All-Black (except the commanding officers) Many of them were killed leading a failed Union raid of Fort Wagner outside of Charleston, SC in 1863. Emancipation Proclamation What did it do? Slaves wouldn’t get freedom until much later In the 13th Amendment, slavery was ended, but that was in 1865. And yet, this may be Lincoln’s most brilliant maneuver in the Civil War? YOU BET! England and France couldn’t sell support of the CSA to their own people who were also against slavery. Without freeing a single slave, Abraham Lincoln had officially changed the Civil War into being about ending slavery. The Civil War (1861-1865) Things are going good for the Confederates, or are they? Fredericksburg (December 1862) The Confederates are outnumbered, but easily defeat Ambrose Burnside. He resigns after the loss. Chancellorsville (May 1863) Now, Lee takes on Joseph Hooker. The CSA wins, but Stonewall Jackson is wounded by his own men and dies a week later. BIG LOSS These help Lee feel he should invade the North – it may bring in Britain and France The Civil War (1861-1865) The Blue Years (1863-1865) Battles that begin the end and their importance Date July 1863 Who Won? Union May – July 1863 Union Nov 1863 Union Battle Significance Gettysburg This was the heaviest loss in lives of the Civil War (over 51,000) Known for Pickett’s Charge – a very costly military mistake With this loss, Lee would never be able to invade the North again BIG TURNING POINT IN THE WAR Vicksburg Grant lays siege on the town for a month Union victory gains control of the MS River Cuts off TX & AR – The CSA Food Source Chattanooga Braxton Bragg (CSA) loses the important rail center, but plans to starve the Union forces out The Civil War (1861-1865) The Blue Years (1863-1865) Battles that begin the end and their importance Date July – Sept 1864 Aug 1864 Who Won? Union Union 18641865 Union April 9, 1865 Union Battle Significance Atlanta Start point for Sherman’s March to the Sea (Savannah) – introducing the idea of Total War Mobile Bay David Farragut leads Union Navy into bay and finally gives Union total control of the Gulf of Mexico News of this victory helps Lincoln win the 1864 election Petersburg Grant attacks this important rail center near Richmond for months Eventually forces retreat of Lee’s troops Appomattox Court Lee surrenders to Grant House Other CSA armies will surrender soon