Download Power Point Civil War

The Union in Crisis
and Civil War
1850 – 1865
Unit 4: The Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)
Daily Learning Target
• I can identify and evaluate the events of
the Antebellum period that precipitated
the secession crisis and the American
Civil War.
The Sectional Conflict Widens
(1820 – 1860)
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Sectionalism = N/S
Factory vs. Plantations
Immigration in the North
Railroads vs. Waterways
Free vs. Slave
$1.5 B North vs. $155 M
South GNP
• Balance of Power?
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Missouri wanted to
enter Union as a slave
state.
• Problem = Balance of
Power in Congress
• Henry Clay (KY) –
proposed Maine enter
as free state to balance
out Missouri.
• 36*30’ N would be
dividing line between
slave and free.
The Mexican-American War
1846 - 1848
The Compromise of 1850
•
The Mexican War of 1846-1848
increased the size of the USA.
• Henry Clay (KY) proposed:
1. CA be admitted as a free state
2. NM and UT would vote on slavery
3. Slave trade abolished in D.C.
4. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
• Authored by
abolitionist, Harriet
Beecher Stowe
• Described the cruelties
of slavery
• Sold 300,000 copies in
1st year; only the Bible
sold more copies
during the era!
• Southerners were
outraged!
Bleeding Kansas! (1854 – 1856)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854) opened territories
• Free-soilers vs.Border
Ruffians vied for control
• Abolitionist John Brown
kills 5 pro slavers in KS
• Violence spreads to the
Senate floor as Senator
Charles Sumner is
caned!
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Dred Scott
• Dred Scott, a Missouri slave, sued
his master’s widow for his freedom
in 1846.
• 1834-38 he lived in free state of
Illinois & thought he should be free
• The Court said 5-4 (1) Scott was a
slave and had no right to sue (2)
Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional because
Congress couldn’t legally ban
Chief Justice
slavery in any U.S. territory (due Roger B. Taney
process/ property rights)
• Abolitionist Frederick Douglas
predicted this would actually
expedite slavery’s end?
John Brown Returns!
• Oct. 1859 Brown
comes out of hiding
• Harpers Ferry, VAattacks a federal
arsenal with the hope
of starting a slave
rebellion
• Sentenced to death
by hanging
• He became a martyr
Bell Ringer – A Nation Divided!
1. T or F – California entered the Union as a
free state the result of the Compromise of
1850.
2. T or F - Harriet Tubman wrote Uncle Tom’s
Cabin.
3. T or F – “Bleeding Kansas” refers to the
violence that broke out in Kansas over
slavery.
4. T or F – Dred Scott was given his freedom by
the Supreme Court in the 1857 case Dred
Scott v. Sanford.
The Election of 1860
• 1854 – Republican
Party formed
• 1859 – John Brown’s
raid on Harper’s
Ferry and execution
• Democratic Party
Split N and S
• Lincoln wins with
40% of popular vote
Secession!
South Carolina leaves on Dec. 20, 1860
and 6 others follow to CSA by 1861.
Lincoln Takes Office
• March 4, 1861 – President
Lincoln took a firm, but
conciliatory tone toward the
South.
• He didn’t want to bother
slavery where it existed, but
he did want to stop it from
spreading into the
territories.
• He pledged to preserve the
Union - #1 Goal!
Southern War Strategy
• After Fort Sumter (April
12, 1861) 4 more states
joined the CSA.
• The CSA Generals and
President Davis planned
a defensive war.
• CSA hoped Europe
would aid and had better
leadership.
Northern War Strategy
The Union developed a
strategy called the
Anaconda Plan. They
hoped to:
1. Blockade all Southern
Ports
2. Control the Mississippi
River and divide the
CSA in half
3. Capture and occupy the
Confederate capital of
Richmond, VA
From Bull Run to Antietam
• July 21, 1861 –
“Stonewall” Jackson
rallies CSA at Bull Run,
VA
• Union General U.S.
Grant wins costly US
victory at Shiloh, TN on
April 6-7, 1861
• CSA General R.E. Lee
achieved a draw at
Antietam, MD Sept. 17,
1862
• Stalemate in the East!
The Emancipation
Proclamation
• Issued Fall 1862 and
effective Jan. 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in
areas of the U.S. still
under CSA control
• Although it was
criticized by some, it
meant the war would
end slavery if Union
indeed won
Exit Slip – The Civil War Begins
1. How many electoral votes did President Lincoln
receive in the South?
a. 34
b. 21 c. 13
d. 0
2. Which side planned a defensive war?
a. Union b. Confederacy c. Mexico
3. At the end of 1862 __________.
a. the Union was winning
b. the Confederacy was winning
c. both sides were locked in a stalemate
4. This act by President Lincoln freed all slaves in states
of the Confederacy not under Union rule?
a. Emancipation Proclamation b. 3/5 Compromise
c. 13th Amendment d. Homestead Act
1863: The Turning Point
• July 1-3, 1863 – Lee
leads Army of N.VA
North to PA
• 23,000 Union and 28,000
CSA casualties at
Gettysburg, PA
• Lee would never invade
Union again
• July 4, 1863 – Grant
takes Vicksburg on
Mississippi River
Sherman’s March to the Sea
and Total Warfare
• Sept. 2, 1864 – Gen.
Sherman captures
Atlanta, GA
• Marches to Savannah,
GA – 300 mile-long
and 50 mile-wide
swath of destruction
• Turns north in Dec.
1864 to meet Grant
• Civilians and slaves
suffer immensely
The Election of 1864
• Capture of Atlanta
and “Bayonet Voters”
aid Lincoln
• He was opposed by exGeneral George
McClellan – a peace
candidate
• Lincoln and Andrew
Johnson (VP and
Democrat) won
212/233 electoral votes
Lee Surrenders! April 9, 1865
• Richmond, the CSA
capital, was in ruins
• President Davis and
officials fled from
Grant
• Lee was humble and
Grant was very
generous at
Appomattox, VA
• 640,047 Union and
483,026 CSA casualties
of war
Lincoln is Assassinated!
• John Wilkes Booth, an
actor, plotted to
kidnap Lincoln and
others
• April 14, 1865 at
Ford’s Theatre he
shoots Lincoln
• Booth is later killed
near Port Royal, VA
• Four of ten coconspirators were
hanged
Exit Slip – The Civil War
1.
Who was the commander of all Confederate
forces after 1862?
a. Longstreet b. Bragg c. Lee
2. This battle of July 1863 was turning point of
the Civil War?
a. Antietam b. Gettysburg c. Chickamauga
3. This city was totally destroyed during
Sherman’s March?
a. Atlanta b. Savannah c. Charleston
4. Which side won the Civil War?
a. Union b. Confederacy c. It was a draw