Download Civil War

Civil War Finally Comes
SSUSH 9
The Student will identify key
events, issues, and individuals
relating to the causes, course,
and consequences of the Civil
War.
9a
Explain the KansasNebraska Act, the failure
of popular sovereignty,
Dred Scott case, and
John Brown’s raid.
Characteristics
Definition
The people of a territory
get to vote (choose) and
place in their state
constitution if their state
will be a free state or a
slave state.
:
Decision made by people
Decision made by vote
People are the source of law
State’s rights
States decide in their Constitution
Popular
Sovereignty
Examples
Kansas Territory
Nebraska Territory
Utah & New Mexico Territory
Non-Examples
Missouri Compromise of 1820
36°30’ line of latitude
determines if a state is free or
slave.
United States Congress will
determine if the state is free or
slave.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• A. Stephen Douglas proposed that
1) Kansas and Nebraska territories be divided
into two sections
2) Missouri Compromise be repealed, with
settlers in each territory choosing whether or not
they wanted slavery (popular sovereignty)
Failure of Popular Sovereignty
• “Bleeding Kansas”
• Pro-slavery and
Anti-slavery forces
rush into the
Kansas Territory.
• Small armed battles
begin and people
die!
Major court Cases
• Dred Scott decision
• Ruled Congress could not prohibit
slavery in the United States territories
• Enslaved African Americans and their
descendants were NOT United States
citizens (Slaves were Property)
John Brown’s Raid
John Brown’s Raid on Harpers
Ferry
• Abolitionist who attempted to start a
slave rebellion in Virginia, 1859
• Attacked the U.S. Arsenal at Harpers
Ferry, Virginia in order to arm slaves.
• Arrested & tried for treason
9b
Describe President Lincoln’s
efforts to preserve the Union as
seen in his second inaugural
address and the Gettysburg
speech and in his use of
emergency powers, such as his
decision to suspend habeas
corpus.
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln
•
•
•
•
Elected President in 1860
South Seceded.
He fought to save the Union
Saw slavery as a moral issue and
against its spreading to territory
won in Mexican War.
• Issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
Essential Question
How did President Lincoln try to
preserve the Union?
What proof is there that he
wanted to preserve the Union?
Efforts to Preserve the Union
• Gettysburg Address
nd
• 2 Inaugural Address
• Use of Emergency Powers in
his decision to suspend
habeas corpus (spies in
capitol).
Characteristics
Definition
A legal paper filed in
Court demanding a
person be brought
before a Judge or be
released from unlawful
imprisonment.
:
Examples of Suspension
Japanese Internment Camps
After bombing of Pearl harbor in
1941 during WWII (FDR)
Al Qaeda Terrorist detained in
Guantanamo Bay Cuba for 9/11
attack. (George W. Bush)
Paper document.
Words written on the paper.
Given to the Court and Judge.
Demanding accusers to show
evidence.
Demanding inmate released.
Writ of
Habeas
Corpus
Non-Examples
Right to Preliminary Hearing.
Right to Bail out of Jail.
Rights to Due Process of Law.
nd
2
•
•
•
•
Inaugural Address
Expressed Slavery was Evil
Expressed his hope for restoring union.
Expressed sorrow for both sides.
Expressed need to rebuild and not
punish.
“With malice toward none, with
charity for all!”
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
• Lincoln used the Emergency Powers of the
President of the United States to suspend a
Writ of Habeas Corpus.
• Wanted to make sure Southern spies in the
capitol of Washington D.C. did not cause
the takeover of the National Capitol.
• Ordered them Arrested and NO TRIAL
ALLOWED!
• Wanted to Preserve the Union
9c
Describe the role of Ulysses
S. Grant, Robert E. Lee,
“Stonewall Jackson,”
William Tecumseh
Sherman, and Jefferson
Davis.
Jefferson Davis
• President of the Confederacy during the
Civil War
Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson
• Robert E. Lee’s most
talented general.
• Aided the Confederate
army in the Victory of
the Battle of
Chancellorsville -1863.
• Shot and Died there!
Robert E. Lee
• Commander of the Army
of Northern Virginia.
• Confederate General
Ulysses S. Grant
• Commander of the
Army of the Potomac.
• Union General
Appomattox Court House
• Appomattox, Virginia
• General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the
Confederate Army Surrenders at this
location to General Ulysses S. Grant,
Commander of the Union Army.
9d
Explain the importance of
Fort Sumter, Antietam,
Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and
the Battle for Atlanta and
the impact of geography on
these battles.
Anaconda Plan
• Proposed in 1861 by Union General
Winfield Scott
• Goal was to win with Minimal loss
• Envelop the south by the Sea
(Atlantic & the Gulf of Mexico)
• Get Control of the Mississippi to cut
south in two pieces
Fort Sumter
• Civil War
Begins here!
• First Shots
here!
• South Wins!
Exterior & Interior Fort Sumter
Battle of Antietam – Sept. 17, 1862
• Bloodiest Battle in a single day
• with almost 23,000 casualties
Combatants
United States of America
Confederate States of America
Commanders
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Strength
87,000
45,000
Casualties
12,401 (2,108 killed, 9,540 wounded, 753
captured/missing)
10,316 (1,546 killed, 7,752 wounded, 1,018
captured/missing)
Battle of Vicksburg
• Vicksburg is in Mississippi
• Strategic location on the Mississippi River
• The North wanted to take the Mississippi to
cut the South into two regions.
• Divide and Conquer! Part of Anaconda Plan!
• Separates Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana away
from rest of the Confederate States.
• North Wins!
Battle of Gettysburg
• Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• Turning Point of the Civil War!
• Ended the last major Confederate Invasion of
the North.
• In other words, The rest of the Civil War will
be fought in the South and the South would not
try to invade and take the North after this.
• It signaled to many that the South would Lose!
Gettysburg Address
• Speech given by President Lincoln in which he
stressed liberty and equality for all.
“Four score and seven
years ago our fathers
brought forth on this
continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the
proposition that all men are
created equal.”
Gettysburg Address
• Speech dedicating
“A New Birth of
cemetery on the sight
Freedom”
of Gettysburg
battlefield. Made
winning a Moral
“The World will little
issue.
note, nor long
• Short Speech
remember what we
• Powerful affirmation
say here, but it can
of Lincoln’s desire to
never
forget
what
they
see the Union
did here.”
reunited.
Total War
• Strategy used by General Ulysses
S. Grant and William Tecumseh
Sherman
• During the Civil War
• Fight is not just against men in
uniform, but also against civilian
population.
Battle for Atlanta
• Geographically Atlanta, GA was a Major
Railroad Train route for the Confederacy.
• Used to move goods (especially war goods)
throughout the South.
• General William Tecumseh Sherman burns
and destroys Atlanta, GA
Atlanta Train Depot 1864
Destroyed Atlanta Train Rail
Depot 1864
Sherman’s Troops on Peachtree street
in Atlanta, Georgia
“Sherman Hairpins”
• Rails
heated.
• Then
bent
around
trees.
Sherman’ March to the Sea
• Crippled the
south’s will to fight
by capturing
Atlanta, GA and
destroying
everything on the
way to Savanna,
Ga.
9e
Describe the
significance of the
Emancipation
Proclamation.
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Proclamation made by
Abraham Lincoln to free
the Slaves in the South.
• Why just the South?
• Lincoln didn’t want border
slave states to get mad and
join the Confederate States
of America.
Significance of the Emancipation
Proclamation
• Even though it was a war strategy:
• First bold move to end Slavery in
the U.S.
• Lays foundation for the 13th
Amendment which ends slavery.
Emancipation Proclamation
• Abraham Lincoln
• Freed the slaves in 11 Confederate states
• Not the border states (didn’t want them to leave
the Union).
• Emancipation Proclamation DOES NOT free the
slaves!
• The 13th Amendment frees slaves in U.S.
9f
Explain the importance of the
growing economic disparity
between the North and the
South through an examination
of population, functioning
railroads, and industrial
output.
Essential Question
What reason did Most
people give for why the
South was not able to win
the American Civil War?
Economic Disparities between
North and South
Wealth produced: 3:1
• Factory production: 10:1
Textile goods produced: 14:1
Iron production: 15:1
Coal production: 38:1
Farm acreage: 3:1
Draft animals: 1.8:1
Livestock: 1.5:1
Wheat production: 4.2:1
Corn production: 2:1
Transportation--superior in every
respect
Railroad mileage: 7:1
Naval tonnage: 25:1
Merchant ship tonnage: 9:1
South's advantages over the North
• Fighting a defensive war. Local support and familiarity
with terrain
•
Positive goal: seeking independence
•
Short communication lines and friendly population
•
United public in contrast to the North. Nonslaveholders eager to volunteer to fight
•
Experienced officer corps--many veterans of the
Mexican-American War joined the Confederacy
•
Cotton (24:1 advantage over North)--necessary for
textile factories of England and France
SSUSH 10
The student will identify
legal, political, and social
dimensions of
Reconstruction.
10a
Compare and Contrast
Presidential
Reconstruction with
Radical Republican
Reconstruction.
10b
Explain efforts to
redistribute land in the
South among the former
slaves and provide advanced
education such as
(Morehouse College) and
describe the role of the
Freedman’s Bureau.
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency created after the civil
War designed to help
provide former slaves and
poor whites with food,
shelter, clothing, education,
medical care, etc.
Morehouse College
• Created to educate free
blacks during
Reconstruction.
• Atlanta, Georgia
• Known as “Black Harvard”
• Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
graduated here.
10c
• Describe the significance
th
th
th
of the 13 , 14 , 15
amendments.
th
th
13 ,14th,15
Amendments
• Known as “Reconstruction Amendments”
10d
Explain Black Codes, the
Ku Klux Klan, and other
forms of resistance to racial
equity during
reconstruction.
Black Codes
• Laws passed in southern states after the
civil war designed to restrict the rights
of former slaves.
• Examples include Curfews, vagrancy
laws, prevention from testifying in
courts, and having a separate penal
code.
Black Codes
• Control lives of freed slaves in ways
slaveholders had.
• Deprived voting rights to freed slaves
• Allowed plantation owners to take
advantage of black workers after slavery
was abolished.
KKK
• Ku Klux Klan.
• Deprived voting rights to
freed slaves
• Used violence &
Intimidation.
• Murder, Arson, other
threatening actions.
sharecropping
• System under which landowners provided
land, tools, seed to a farming family, who
would provide the labor.
• The crop would be shared between the
landowner and the farming family.
Tenant farming
• System in which farmers rented their land
for cash to those who would use their own
tools to farm the land.
Poll Tax
• Pay money to Vote.
• African Americans were poor.
Grandfather Clause
• If your Grandfather voted or fought in the
Civil War – You Could vote!
• No African Americans could vote!
Literacy Tests
• If you could pass a reading and writing test
you could vote.
• Most African Americans were illiterate.
10e
Explain the
impeachment of
Andrew Johnson in
relationship to
Reconstruction.
Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment
• Became the 1st President in
U.S. history to be
impeached by Congress.
• Radical Republicans
struggling to reconstruct
U.S.
• Was acquitted by 1 vote.
Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment
• Was impeached for
violating the Tenure
of Office Act.
• Fired Secretary of
War Edwin Stanton
10f
Analyze how the
Presidential election of
1876 and the subsequent
Compromise of 1877
marked the End of
Reconstruction.
Compromise of 1877
•Ended Reconstruction
•An agreement that pulled
the Military out of the
South.
Election of 1876
Decided by the House of
Representatives
•
•
•
•
Rutherford B. Hayes become President.
Southern leaders put in Cabinet Positions.
Military is removed from the South.
This agreement Ends Reconstruction in the
United States.