Download Civil War - Appoquinimink High School

Civil War
Election of 1860
• Democratic Party split
• Border States – Constitutional
Union Party
–DE, MD, KY, MO
Election of 1860
N. Dem. – Stephen Douglas
S. Dem. – John Breckinridge
CU – John Bell
Rep. – Abraham Lincoln
Election of 1860
• Lincoln Wins!
• BUT with only
39% of the
popular votes
• & NO electoral
votes from the
South!
Secession!
• In protest South Carolina leaves
the Union on Dec. 20, 1860
• GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX leave the
union
• They create the
Confederate States
of America
Fort Sumter
• April 12, 1861 – General PGT
Beauregard opened fire on fort
• Major Robert Anderson tried to
hold the fort but ran out of
supplies
• Lincoln declared the south in
rebellion
After Fort Sumter….
• Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, & Arkansas join
Confederacy
• Borders States become very
important to the North –
Delaware, Maryland, West
Virginia, Kentucky, & Missouri
Union Strengths
1. Had more Railroads
2. Had more Factories
3. Balanced Economy
4. Functioning Gov’t
Confederacy Strengths
1. More Trained Officers
2. South only had to keep a
defensive position
3. Fighting to preserve way of life
New Technology
1. Bullet – long piece of metal w/
rounded end
New Technology
2. Rifling – spiral groove cut
inside the gun barrel
New Technology
3. Shell –
Exploding
cannon
ball
New Technology
4. Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny
lead balls
New Technology
5. Ironclad Gunboats –
steamships w/ iron plating
Increased Gov’t Power
• Draft – required military
service
• Suspended Writ of Habeas
Corpus – right to a trial before
imprisonment
Increased Gov’t Power
• Internal Revenue Act – tax on
liquor, tobacco, medicine, &
paper
–Becomes Internal Revenue
Service
Increased Gov’t Power
• Created National Currency:
Greenbacks
Increased Gov’t Power
• Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 –
gov’t project to connect East &
West w/ railroads
Increased Gov’t Power
• Emancipation
Proclamation:
all enslaved
people in
areas of open
rebellion were
free
Company C of the 54th MA
Regiment
•
African American Regiment
• Led by Colonel Robert Gould
Shaw
• Most of the regiment was killed
during attack on Fort Wagner
st
1
Election of 1864
Election of 1864
Rep. – Abraham Lincoln
Dem. – George McClellan
Lincoln thought he would lose!
McClellan hated Lincoln
Election of 1864
• Just before the election
Sherman took Atlanta
• This victory changed country’s
outlook
• Lincoln won re-election
Civil War Prison Camps
North
Point Lookout, MA
Camp Chase, OH
Fort Delaware
Civil War Prison Camps
South
Libby’s Prison, VA
Andersonville, GA
- 100 soldiers died a day
- Commander guilty of war crimes
Medical Conditions
• TERRIBLE!
• Docs did not sterilize
equipment!
• Went days w/out washing
equipment!
• High rates of infection
Medical Conditions
Some tried to make changes:
1. Clara Barton – gave 1st aide to
troops & started American Red
Cross
2. Dorothea Dix – Organized
Union’s nursing corps
Economy
NORTH
• Flourished
• Industry
boomed
• Women took
jobs in
factories
SOUTH
• Declined
• Food
Shortages
• Still produced
cotton & not
food crops
Essay Question
Explain how the United States
expanding its borders led to the
Civil War.
Slave vs Free States
Compromises
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown
Election of 1860