Download Unit 5 - Aquinas High School

The Coming of the Civil War
North
South
Urbanized and
Industrialized
Agrarian
70% RR, Telegraph
wires and 2 ½ times
the populations
Little means of
transportation and
communication
$1.6 billion in goods
$155 million
Supports Tariffs
Opposes Tariffs
Opposes Ext. of Slavery
Supports Slavery
Supports Internal
Improvements
Opposes Internal
Improvements
Supports Federal Power
Supports States’ Rights
The Civil War and
Reconstruction
The Civil War
(1861-1865)
The Union vs.
The Confederacy
• Throughout the 1850s,
sectionalism increased in
the
United States
• Westward expansion fueled this rivalry between the
sections because both free and slaves states were trying
to increase their political power and control in
Washington
• Several attempts at compromise between the two
sections failed and increased the tensions
• Eventually, all of this would lead to the Southern States
seceding from the United States – This will start the Civil
War
Failure of Compromise: The Compromise of 1850
-California Gold Rush 1849- application for statehood
- Balance of Power and statehood
- Compromise: California Admitted as Free State,
Utah and New Mexico have popular sovereignty,
Fugitive Slave Act
Reaction to the Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act - Slave catchers
- Defiance and Riots
Harriet Beecher Stowe –
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- Family Life and Eliza
- Uncle Tom and Simon
Legree
- 300,000 copies in 1st year
Cannibal’s All! - Southern
Response
Failure of Compromise: The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas- Nebraska Act 1854 –
- Stephen Douglas + Transcontinental RR
- Popular Sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska
Reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
1. Bleeding Kansas
- Free-Soilers and Pro-slavers (Missouri)
- Two Constitutions and two capitals
-Attack on
Lawrence
-John Brown and
Pottawatomie
Massacre
-$2 mil in damages
-200 people killed
Reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
2. Bleeding Sumner - Charles Sumner, Andrew Butler,
and Preston Brooks
3. Republican Party Organized - Free Soil Platform
The End of Compromise: The Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott v. Sanford – 1857
- Free Territory in Minnesota
- Sued for his freedom
Decision:
- Slaves are property
- 5th Amendment
- Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional
- Federal Government cannot ban slavery in the
territories
John Brown’s Raid
– 1859
- Harpers Ferry Arsenal
- Robert E Lee
- Brown was convicted of
treason + hanged
- North considered him
a martyr
"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life
for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood
further with the blood of millions in this slave country whose
rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments,
I say, let it be done."
-John Brown, statement at his sentencing on Nov. 2, 1859
The Election of 1860
Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
Lincoln
180 (59%)
1,866,452 (40%)
Douglas
39 (13%)
1,375,157 (29%)
Breckenridge
72 (24%)
847,953 (18%)
Bell
12 (4%)
590,631 (13%)
Lincoln’s Election - Free Soil Ideology
Southern Response:
- 12/20/60 – South Carolina Secedes
- Miss, Fla, Ala, Geo, Lou, Texas follow
- Crittenden Compromise
- Feb 1861 – Confederate States of America
- Jefferson Davis elected President
Lincoln Comes to Power – March 1861
- Fort Sumter, South Carolina
- Preserve the Union, secession is not constitutional
- April 12, 1861 - Attack on Fort Sumter
- Lincoln calls for volunteers
- AK, TN, NC, VA all join the confederacy
What caused secession?
1. Sectionalism
2. Slavery
3. Failure of Compromise and Violence
4. Political Power
Discuss the economic, political, and/or social differences between
the North and the South that eventually led to the Civil War.
Discuss the economic, political, and/or social differences between
the North and the South that eventually led to the Civil War.
The Union
22 mil:9 mil
Draft – Riots (NY)
Habeas Corpus
The Confederacy
Military
Military Colleges
Draft - Riots
War of Attrition
Income Taxes, Tariffs, Money
Western Lands, Bonds,
Bank + Greenbacks- 80%
Taxes?
Inflation – 9000%
New Weapons
Blockade
Railroads- 70%
Factories – 80%
Preserve the Union
Supplies
Britain and France
Farmlands
Support
Defend Land and
Liberty – Way of Life
The Emancipation Proclamation
1/1/63 – All slaves in rebel areas are free
- Not Border States or Tennessee + Louisiana
- Is this legal? Who is freed?
What was the purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation?
1. Preserve the Union and stop the rebellion
2. Cause for the North – increased support
3. Harder for Confederates to fight
4. Britain and France?
5. Recruitment of black soldiers - 180,000 –
Massachusetts 54th
1861 - First Battle of Bull Run
Anaconda Plan
Southern Victories - 1862 – Fredericksburg,
1863 – Chancellorsville
Turning Point – July 4, 1863
- Robert E Lee – One more Victory
- Gettysburg – 3 Day battle
- Losses= N- 23,000/ S- 28,000
- Vicksburg – Mississippi River
-Sherman – Atlanta and
The March to the Sea
- ‘War is all Hell’ – Sherman
Bowties, Sherman stacks
- Ulysses S Grant
+ Virginia Campaign
-April 9, 1865 –
Appomattox Court
House Surrender
- Lincoln - Reelected in 1864
- 1865 – 13th Amendment
- April 14, 1865 – Lincoln’s Assassination
-Railroads, Cities, and Industry destroyed, Farmland
burned
-Casualties – 364,000 N + 260,000 S (1/5)
-Plantation owners lost $3 billion in property
- Freedmen – homeless, jobless, hungry, uneducated
-Divided country
- New President – Andrew Johnson
Plans to repair the South and return the southern
states to the Union were called Reconstruction.
Lincoln and Johnson’s Plan
-Pardoned all southerners who swore allegiance
- Iron Clad Oath
-Once 10%/50% did states could have
constitutional conventions
-New constitutions had to void secession,
abolish slavery, and ratify 13th amendment
-Then could hold elections and resume
participation in Union
-Freedmen’s Bureau
Problems with Presidential Reconstruction
1. Ex-Confederates elected to Congress – 1865
- 6 Cabinet Members, 4 Confederate Generals, 50
Congressmen and Senators, The Vice President of the
Confederacy
2. Black Codes – Curfews, Labor Contracts, Vagrancy,
Unemployment
The Black Codes:
In what ways were the black codes similar to the rules that
regulated behavior during slavery?
Who was in charge of executing these laws? What were the
punishments for violating these codes?
What impression did these codes give Northerners? Why were
northerners outraged?
- Radical Republicans elected to Congress – They will take over
reconstruction plans (Radical/Congressional Reconstruction)
- All Southern states were thrown back out of the union and
Congress will take over Reconstruction
-Passed 14th Amendment – equal protection of the laws and
citizenship
-Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
- South divided into five military districts- martial law
- Each under control of a General who oversaw the
reconstruction of the district
- had to write constitution that ratified 13th and 14th
amendments and give all adult males the right to vote
- Once reenter union – southerners who supported the
confederacy could not vote
Andrew Johnson v. Radical Republicans - vetoes and
overrides
Secretary of War Edwin Stanton
Tenure of Office Act – could not fire government
official without Senate approval
Constitutional? – Johnson Fired Stanton
Impeached for ‘high crimes and misdemeanors’ by
House
May 1868 – Senate Acquitted by one vote
Election of 1868 – Ulysses S. Grant
National Economy + Internal Improvements
- National Banking System
- Internal Improvements: Transcontinental
Railroad and Land Grants- 1867
- Homestead Act
Rebuilding the South
- Carpetbaggers and Scalawags - Republicans
- Industry and Transportation
- Public Education
Rights for Freedmen
- 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
- Freedmen’s Bureau
- KKK Acts
Election of 1876
- Rutherford B Hayes v. Samuel Tilden
- Compromise of 1877 – Remove troops
from the South
Redeemers – take back control of the South
- Jim Crow Laws – Segregation
- Voting Restrictions – Poll Taxes,
Literacy Tests, Grandfather Clauses
- KKK, White League, Lynching
- Sharecropping and Tenant Farming –
Crop Lien System
Positive Results:
- Union restored
- Southern Industry and Transportation
- Federal Gov’t power increased – role in
economy and protection of minority rights
(13th, 14th,15th)
Negative Results:
- Cycle of Poverty for Blacks – Tenant
Farming and Sharecropping- Crop Lien
- Redeemers – Gov’t in South
- Racism and Rights – KKK, Jim Crow Laws,
voting restrictions