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Reconstruction
Chapter 8
Reconstruction
Plan to rebuild and
reunite with the South
following the Civil War
 1865-1877
 Process of bringing
southern states back
into the Union

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
10% of Southerners
must pledge loyalty
oaths
 Lenient (forgiving)
 Did not want to
punish

Radical Republicans
Wanted to PUNISH
the South
 Create Five military
occupation zones
 Accept 13th and 14th
Amendment

Freedmen’s Bureau
Agency to aid former
slaves
 Furnished clothing,
food and education
 Unsuccessful: Lack of
funding and white
support in South

Black Codes
Restrictions on freedom
of Af-Americans
Passed by Southern
gov’ts to restrict
newly won freedoms
Ex. No interracial
marriage, curfews,
must work or be
arrested, behavior
codes
Sharecropping
Blacks kept in service
by keeping them in
debt. Must farm to
pay off debts!
 Cycle of poverty
 Farming land owned
by another

Amendments
13th Amendment:
Abolished slavery
 14th Amendment:
granted citizenship
rights
 15th Amendment:
Black males could
vote

Hiram Revels
First Black
Congressman,
Mississippi
 Ties to Lincolnton!
 Operated barbershop
on West Main in
1840s

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
1st President
Impeached (Brought
up on charges)
 Saved from removal
by one vote
 Violated Tenure of
Office Act
 Hated by Radical
Republicans

Carpetbaggers
“put down” used to
describe Northerners
who came South to
take advantage of
opportunities
 Bought land and
manipulated black
vote

Scalawags

“put down” to
describe
SOUTHERNERS who
were working with the
North
Ku Klux Klan
White supremacist
group
 Greek for “Circle of
Friends”
 Threatened and
intimidated blacks by
burning homes and
lynching
 Ended between 18691915 because of the
KKK Act

Enforcement Acts
To protect the rights
of blacks
 Right to vote
 Force Act protected
them against KKK

Lynching: Racially motivated murder
The Redeemers
Southerners trying to
regain control
 Overthrew every
Radical Republican
state by 1877
(Redemption)
 Return to white rule

Compromise of 1877
Rutherford B. Hayes
promised to end
Reconstruction in
exchange for the
Presidency
 Withdrew troops from
South: End of
Reconstruction

Stalwarts
Opposed to Hayes
and his Civil Service
Reform Policies
 Civil Service Reform
wanted to require
testing for gov’t
positions
 Hayes fires Chester
Arthur (future pres.)

The New South
South wanted to
grow, become
industrial, and
eliminate racism
 UNSUCCESSFUL!
 Legacy: Blacks
continued to suffer
discrimination for
another 100 years!

Andrew Johnson

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From Raleigh, NC
17th President from 1865-1869
Democrat
Reconstruction took place during his
administration and the 13th Amendment was
passed abolishing slavery.
The US purchased Alaska from Russia and the
14th Amendment was passed.
Johnson was the first president to be impeached
as a result of violating the Tenure of Office Act
Ulysses S. Grant

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Point Pleasant, Ohio
18th President from 1869-1877
Republican Party
Before becoming President, Grant was General during
the Civil War.
The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed when
the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific met at
Promontory Point, Utah.
The 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution and
during the Battle of Little Big Horn, Custer was
massacred along with his soldiers
Rutherford B. Hayes

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Delaware, Ohio
19th President from 1877 to 1881
Republican
The Election of 1876 was controversial because
of election votes and was a compromise, Hayes
became President. During his term in office
Reconstruction “officially” ended in the South. In
1877, a Railway strike which was so violent that
Hayes called in the Federal Troops. A group of
Republicans called Stalwarts were opposed to
Hayes because he wanted to reform the civil
service system