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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution wikipedia , lookup
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The period after The Civil War Sharecropper plants and harvests crop. Black Codes – news laws to restrict freed black’s rights. Blacks couldn’t serve on juries or testify against whites. Created racial segregation If a black couldn’t prove he had a job, he could be arrested. Prohibited interracial marriages. • Congress threatened to stop the Southern states’ return to the Union because of the mistreatment of the freedmen in the South. • Congress passes the 15th amendment to guarantee citizenship and equal rights to all persons born in the US. (1868) • Andrew Johnson – president – not successful in Reconstruction – Military Reconstruction Acts. (couldn’t reenter the Union without passing new state constitutions) • First president to be impeached – stays by one vote. • Pass 14th amendment – guarantees all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (1870) The original Ku Klux Klan was created at a Christmas Eve, 1865 meeting in a law office by six educated, middle-class Confederate veterans who were bored with postwar life in Pulaski, TN. The name was constructed by combining the Greek "kyklos" (circle) with "clan." It was at first a humorous social club centering on practical jokes and hazing rituals. From 1866 to 1867, the Klan began breaking up black prayer meetings and invading black homes at night to steal firearms. Goals: To protect the weak, the innocent, and the defenseless from the indignities, wrongs and outrages of the lawless, the violent and the brutal; to relieve the injured and oppressed; to succor the suffering and unfortunate, and especially the widows and orphans of the Confederate soldiers. Second: To protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. Third: To aid and assist in the execution of all constitutional laws, and to protect the people from unlawful seizure, and from trial except by their peers in conformity with the laws of the land 1. What group of Georgians suffered the most following The Civil War? farmers 2. Economically, what was one of Georgia farmers’ biggest problems? No $, no resources, no help 3. What happened to Georgia’s transportation system? Had to be totally rebuilt; develop better transportation system 4. What was the grandfather clause? If the law was passed after you were already established, it didn’t apply to you, but to all those after you 6. What is a monopoly? Total control of a product or industry 7. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) court case where the law upheld “separate but equal” was okay. The New South • Expand its industry • Rely less on a few cash crops such as cotton (diversification) • Grow more food crops • Henry Grady – editor of the AJC – big promoter of The New South • GA industries in 1900 – cotton, timber, soft drinks – Coca - Cola CAUSE EFFECT Growth of railroads More goods available to consumers, growth of labor unions, more jobs New inventions Opportunities for entrepreneurs, goods for consumers Large supply of natural resources More economic opportunities, rise of new corporations Rise of new corporations More jobs, poor working conditions Poor working conditions Labor unions 1. Job Opportunities for women Factories, telephone operators, store clerks, typists 2. In 1890, 1 in 4 colleges graduates women as Nurses and teachers 3. Growth of American cities leads to: Sweatshops and slum reforms, new roles for women, new forms of entertainment, immigration, technology 4. Who was Sidney Lanier? Poet, wrote about an economy based on land widely shared by many classes – character more valued than $ 5. The New South – Idea that development of business and industry would replace the old ways in the South 1865 The Civil War Ends; black codes passed in South; KKK forms; 13th amendments passed (ends slavery) 1866 Statue of Liberty a gift from France; Freedman’s Bureau established; 14th amendment passed (citizen rights) 1867 Reconstruction begins; Andrew Johnson impeached; U.S. buys Alaska from Russia 1868 US Grant elected president 1869 15th amendment passed (right to vote – male) 1872 Freedman’s Bureau Ends 1877 Reconstruction ends; military rule in South lifted 1889 Poll taxes and literacy tests 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson 1890’s The New South begins to form Positives For Blacks Negatives For Blacks Freedom from slavery Black codes/ KKK 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments Chance to move and find new jobs and opportunities Education and schools Freedman’s Bureau Racial prejudice and segregation Separate but not equal facilities Sharecropping pitfalls Lack of $, resources, education