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RECONSTRUCTION Lincoln’s Lenient Plan He proposed his plan in December, 1863. Pardon for Confederates who would swear an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept the end of slavery. Confederate government officials and high ranking officers or those who had killed African American prisoners of war were excluded .When the number of men who had taken the oath reached 10% of those who’d voted in the 1860 election, the state could reapply for admission. Each state must endorse the 13th Amendment, which frees former slaves. The state did not have to specifically guarantee rights to African Americans. Radical Republican’s Plan They wanted vengeance and retaliation against the South. Wanted to punish them and blamed them for starting the war. Also the radicals blamed them for all the death, destruction, etc. It was called the Wade-Davis Bill and Lincoln refused to sign it—pocket veto. It excluded from voting all who had held office, state or national under the Confederate rebellion or who had fought against the Union and required a majority of men to be loyal before a new government could be formed. Andrew Johnson’s Plan He was the only former Southern Senator to remain loyal during the Civil War. He was considered a traitor by the South, but was actually sympathetic to them and had begun as military governor of Tennessee in 1862. He defined reconstruction as the job of the Executive branch. His plan granted pardons to 13,000 Confederates in 1865 and favored easy terms for Southern states to return to the Union because he blamed individuals—the wealthy planter elite. He was firmly committed to white supremacy and opposed political rights for Freedmen. Southern states would hold constitutional conventions and each new state constitution was to: –void secession –abolish slavery –ratify the 13th Amendment –stop payments on the state’s war debts His plan fails because South doesn’t cooperate Southern states pass Black Codes to keep former slaves subservient to whites –Varied state to state –Included political and property right restrictions Violence by the KKK and others against blacks continues The Radical Republicans almost force their actions by passing and doing the following: 1866 Civil Rights Act –Johnson vetoed it –Congress overrides the veto Congress passed the 14th Amendment Military Reconstruction Act –5 districts, with a Union General as governor for each –new requirements for the state constitutions Equal rights guarantee Ratify 14th Amendment Allow blacks to vote General Overview of Amendments 13th Amendment ends slavery and frees all former slaves 14th Amendment grants citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States 15th Amendment gives all adult male citizens the right to vote Other Laws: Enlarged the scope of the Freedmen’s Bureau –Build schools, pay teachers –Establish courts to prosecute those charged with depriving African Americans of their civil rights Enforcement Acts—Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 –Made the violent infringement of civil and political rights a federal crime punishable by the national government