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The Civil War
Issues that Divide the Country
• For years (1850’s), the North and South
disagreed on issues such as: tariffs,
distribution of public lands, states’ rights
and above all, slavery.
Issues that Divide the Country
•
Abolitionists wanted to end slavery. Not
all of the Northern whites shared this
view and many were prejudice to African
Americans: both free and enslaved.
Most did not want slavery to spread to
new territories.
Republican Party vs. Southern
Democrats

Northerners who were against slavery
joined the Republican Party. They also
believed that the Southern Democrats
were responsible for the economic
depression of the late 1850s. The
Republican Party thought that prosperity
could be brought back by a high tariff, a
homestead act, and internal improvement.
Republican Party vs. Southern
Democrats
•
Southerners were against the
Republican Party because they thought it
would end slavery and their way of life.
Southern States Vow to Secede
• During the 1860 presidential
campaign, Southern leaders
threatened to secede from the
Union if a Republican won the
election. They said that
sovereign states had entered the
Union voluntarily, and they should
leave it voluntarily.
Southern States Vow to Secede
– The Republican
candidate Abraham
Lincoln won the
1860 presidential
election, six states
(South Carolina,
Miss., Fl., Ala.,
Geo., and Lou.)
withdrew from the
Union.
The Convention Votes on Secession
•
Governor Sam Houston
opposed seceding and
wanted to stay in the
Union. A convention
was called illegally
without his knowledge
to see about
withdrawing.
The Convention
Votes on
Secession
•
•
Houston found out and called a
special session, but the legislature
voted for secession.
In February 1861, Texas became
The Confederacy is Formed
• The 7 states
met in
Montgomery,
Alabama.
This is known
as the
Montgomery
Convention.
The Confederacy is Formed
•
There they created a new nation,
the Confederate States of America.
(11 states total)
The Confederacy is Formed
• They also drew up
a new constitution
that gave the
states much more
power than the
federal
government.
• Jefferson Davis
was elected
President.
The Confederacy
is Formed
• All members of
the Confederacy
were supposed to
take an oath.
Sam Houston
refused and was
removed from
office.
The Confederacy is Formed
– On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces
opened fire on U.S. troops at Fort Sumter in
Charleston, South Carolina, starting the Civil
War.
Fort Sumter
Texans Become Soldiers
•
Thousands of Texans joined the army.
When there was a shortage of soldiers, the
Confederate Congress passed the
Conscription Act. This forced enrollment
of people into military service between the
ages of 18 to 35. Later this number was
17 to 50.
•
Texans Become Soldiers
About 60,000 Texans joined the armed forces of the
Confederacy
Texans Become Soldiers
•
Those Texans
who were
Unionists,
meaning favored
the Union, left
Texas. Some that
tried to leave
were killed. If
they stayed, they
ran the risk of
being executed.
Comparison of Union and CSA[120]
Union
CSA
Total population
22,000,000 (71%) 9,000,000 (29%)
Free population
21,567,414
5,500,000
1860 Border state slaves
432,586
NA
1860 Southern slaves
NA
3,500,000
Soldiers
2,200,000 (67%)
1,064,000 (33%)
Railroad miles
21,788 (71%)
8,838 (29%)
Manufactured items
90%
10%
Firearm production
97%
3%
Bales of cotton in 1860
Negligible
4,500,000
Bales of cotton in 1864
Negligible
300,000
Pre-war U.S. exports
30%
70%
Union Strategy
Galveston and Brownville
•
Union ships created a blockade around Texas
ports to prevent supplies from getting in or
out. Cotton was transported through Mexico
and sent to Europe for war materials.
Galveston and
Brownville
• The Union forces took Galveston because
it was so weakly defended since all guns
had been removed. The Confederates
knew how important this port was and
retook Galveston.
Galveston and Brownsville

The Union also took
Brownsville to try
to block the trade
of cotton through
Mexico. The
Confederates retook
Brownsville much
like Galveston.
Other Battles
–
–
In 1863, the Union
tried to invade Texas.
The Confederates
defeated them at the
Battle of Sabine.
This battle was
important because it
ended the North’s
campaign to invade
Texas.
The Confederates
also defeated the
Union in Louisiana,
near the Texas border.
The Economy
•
Farmers and factories
made things for the
war, causing
shortages in Texas.
This caused women to
pick up the slack and
do jobs that men had
done in the past.
The Economy
•
Prices on goods
increased because
goods were scarce due
to the blockade.
Civil
War Ends
•In April of 1865,
the South
surrendered to
the more
powerful
North. The
North had
more soldiers,
more money,
and more
factories.
Civil War Graphs
by Wayne
by George
by Darrielle
The Civil War Ends
• General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to General
Ulysses S. Grant in Virginia.
The Civil War Ends
•
The last battle of the Civil
War took place in May
1865, at Palmito Ranch,
near Brownsville. The
Confederate forces
defeated the Union forces.
The Confederate soldiers
then learned that Lee had
surrendered a month
earlier and the war was
over.
The Civil War Ends
• Nearly 600,000
Northerners and
Southerners died.
The Civil War Ends
•
The North’s victory
meant the Union was
preserved and an end to
slavery. President
Lincoln had issued the
Emancipation
Proclamation freeing all
the slaves in confederate
states. (13th Amendment
abolished slavery and
was ratified in late 1865)
The Civil War Ends
•
President
Lincoln was
assassinated
by John
Wilkes Booth
five days after
Lee’s
surrender.
The Civil War Ends
• Texas government officials fled to
Mexico leaving Texas lawless for
some weeks. Eventually, President
Andrew Johnson put in a provisional
governor. Now Texas faced the
problem of rejoining the Union.