Download Tale of the Tape: Civil War - Mr. Fields Social Studies

TALE OF THE TAPE: THE CHALLENGERS
THE SOUTH AT THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR
RHETT BUTLER: I think it’s hard winning a war with words, gentlemen.
CHARLES: What do you mean, sir?
RHETT: I mean, Mr. Hamilton, there’s not a cannon factory in the whole
South.
MAN: What difference does that make, sir, to a gentleman?
RHETT: I’m afraid it’s going to make a great deal of difference to a great
many gentlemen, sir.
CHARLES: Are you hinting, Mr. Butler, that the Yankees can lick us?
RHETT: No, I’m not hinting. I’m saying very plainly that the Yankees are
better equipped than we. They’ve got factories, shipyards, coal-mines . . . and
a fleet to bottle up our harbors and starve us to death. All we’ve got is cotton,
and slaves and . . . arrogance.
Gone With the Wind, 1939
Pit Stop
•
•
•
What were the
Crittenden Amendments
Who was John C.
Breckenridge? Why is he
important?

What is the Freeport
Doctrine?

What is the Wilmot
Proviso?
This state seceded first
Who was the president
of the South?
–
•

Government name?
What did the
Compromise of 1850
deal with?
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today





Explain how the firing on Fort Sumter galvanized North
and South for war.
Describe the significance of the early struggle for the
border states.
Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides as
the war began.
Describe the diplomatic struggle for the sympathies of
the European powers.
Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’ political leadership during
the war.
South Carolina Secedes?
War of Northern Aggression?
•
Only 2 Federal forts remain in the
South
–
•
South seizes other government
buildings
________________________
–
Lincoln is trapped
•
•
South Carolina sees it as aggression
and fires/captures Ft. Sumter
–
•
April 1861
Throws out the talk of peaceful
solutions
More Secession
•
•
After Ft. Sumter more
secession
Border states
•
Border states have
_____________________
___
•
Manufacturing aspects as
well
Border States

Lincoln’s Goal is to
__________________
____



Declares
_______________________
Sends troops to MO and western
VA
5 Civilized Tribes

Sided with the _______________


Confederate government promises to
make federal payments to them
Sends troops to Confederate army
Border States

North’s Purpose for
the War:
A People’s History of the United States
Howard Zinn


Lincoln could argue with lucidity and passion against
slavery on moral grounds, while acting cautiously in
practical politics. He believed ‘that the institution of
slavery is founded on injustice and bad policy but
that the promulgation of abolition doctrines trends
to increase rather than abate its evils.’
Lincoln read the Constitution strictly, to mean that
Congress, because of the 10th amendment, could not
constitutionally bar slavery in the states.
Campaign Speech in Northern Illinois
Abraham Lincoln, 1858


In his 1858 campaign in Illinois for the Senate
against Stephen Douglas, Lincoln spoke differently
depending on the views of his listeners (and also
perhaps on how close it was to the election).
“Let us discard all this quibbling about this man
and the other man, this race and that race and the
other race being inferior, and therefore they must
be placed in an inferior position. Let us discard all
these things, and unite as one people throughout
this land, until we shall once more stand up
declaring that all men are created equal.”
Campaign Speech in Southern Illinois
Abraham Lincoln, 1858


I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of
bringing about in any way the social and political equality
of the white and black races (applause); that I am not, nor
ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of
negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to
intermarry with white people.. . .
And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain
together there must be the position of superior and inferior,
and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the
superior position assigned to the white race.
Divided We Fall…
•
Many volunteers in the
North to the South
–
•
Many volunteers in the
South to the North
–
•
Why?
300,000
Many families were split
apart
–
Lincoln had 4 brothersin-law fight for the
Confederacy
Foreign Aid
•
Trent Affair, 1861
•
•
Alabama
–
•
Britain eventually stops
because they realize they
are setting a dangerous
precedent
Foreign Aid

South needed help to win

Most of Europe ruling classes are
______________


Working class were for the North


Couldn’ t vote but ruling class didn’t
want to anger them
High unemployment in Britain at
the start of the war


Hate ____________
Lincoln
Unemployment relief
Foreign Flare Ups
•
France
–
–
•
Napoleon III
_____________________
–
Why is that an issue?
•
Napoleon takes back support
and Max is taken out
US remains careful until the
end of the war
Canada
–
–
–
Canadians plan to burn/steal
from Northern cities
Irish get together groups and
go invade Canada
Dominion of Canada is
created by Britain
Askin’ All Them Questions

Who are the 2 presidents?

What is Lincoln’s dilemma
with Ft. Sumter?

Who are the Border
states?

What is
transcendentalism?

What is the Missouri
Compromise?
Making Statements, Assuming


What do you think
the advantages of the
South will be going
into the Civil War?
What does this
remind you of ?
The Tale of the Tape

The South:
Tale of the Tape

Confederate Government



Can’t ___________________
Some states only want troops
to fight within their borders
Jefferson Davis

Wanted a ___________ central
government





Opposed
Was a good speaker, but
butted heads with his
cabinet/Congress
Didn’t listen to public opinion
Nervous breakdowns
Hard to handle military and
diplomatic handlings
South Finances During the War

Crushed

Blockade and destruction
30% of nation’s wealth, 1861
 12% of nation’s wealth, 1870


Other Issues
Ripped up lines to repair others
 Window weights used for
bullets
 Gourds were made into dishes

South’s Military Strategy
Raising Troops

Southern Army
 Volunteer
at first
 Had to go to
conscription sooner
than the North
 Why?
 Hiring
of substitutes
was allowed
 Slaveowners with 20
or more slaves could
be exempted
Raising Money: South

Customs duties


Were cut off by Northern blockade
Bonds

Netted $400,000,000

Taxes

Paper money
Tale of the Tape
•
•
Northern strengths
strongly outweigh
Southern strengths in the
long run
What Ifs
–
–
–
–
Border states seceded
Uncertain states like IL,
IN, OH seceded
Early defeats lead to an
armistice?
Britain/France help the
South
Askin’ All Them Questions


What is conscription
Explain the quote “Rich
man’s war…poor man’s
fight”

What were some advantages
for the South?
Disadvantages?

Fort Sumter

What is habeas corpus?

Who got rid of it? Why?
Gone With the Wind:
The South’s Chances
TALE OF THE TAPE: DEFENDING CIVIL WAR
CHAMPIONS
THE NORTH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR
"In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful
war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail”
Union General William T. Sherman
Askin’ All Them Questions





What is conscription
Where did large draft riots
take place?
Who? Why?
Explain the quote “Rich man’s
war…poor man’s fight”
What were some advantages
for either side?
What is habeas corpus?

Who got rid of it? Why?
•
•
•
Who are the 2 presidents?
What is Lincoln’s dilemma with
Ft. Sumter?
Who are the Border states?
Primary Source Daily:

If the telegraph speaks truth, for the first time in our
history the slave has chosen a President of the
United States. . . . Not an Abolitionist, hardly an
antislavery man, Mr. Lincoln consents to represent an
antislavery idea. A pawn on the political
chessboard, his value is in his position; with fair
effort, we may soon change him for knight, bishop
or queen, and sweep the board. (Applause)
~Wendell Smith speech after Election Day 1860
What We’re Talking About Today:



Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides
as the war began.
Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’ political leadership
during the war.
Describe the curtailment of civil liberties caused by
the war
Tale of the Tape

The North
Tale of the Tape
•
Government
–
•
Abraham Lincoln
Union Military Strategy

Anaconda Strategy

Slowly suffocate the South
with a blockade

Liberate slaves in the South

Seize the Mississippi River




Cut the South in half
Send troops through Carolina
and Georgia
Decapitate it by taking
Richmond
Engage everywhere possible

Grant’s idea
Raising Money: North

Taxes

Customs duties

Paper Money


Bonds


$450,000,000 issued
2,500,000
National Banking
System
Boom Time in the North

New Factories


What would’ve helped
them?
Development of
_______________

Labor Saving Machines

Petroleum


Found in PA, 1859
Pioneers move west

Free land in Homestead
Act, 1862
Women During the War

New opportunities for
women
Clerks
 Manufacturers


400 posed as male
soldiers

Spies

Nurses

Organized fundraisers
America: The Story of Us
Clara Barton
Tale of the Tape

Lincoln and the
Constitution


Questionable actions
PSD
Raising Troops

North

Bounty Brokers

Draft riots, NYC, 1863
 Enlisted
multiple times to
collect signing bonuses
 Irish
 Lasted for 4
 2,000 killed
days
A People’s History of the United States
Howard Zinn



Behind the secession of the South from the Union, after Lincoln was elected
President in the fall of 1860 as candidate of the new Republican party,
was a long series of policy clashes between South and North.
The clash was not over slavery as a moral institution-most northerners did
not care enough about slavery to make sacrifices for it, certainly not the
sacrifice of war. It was not a clash of peoples (most northern whites were
not economically favored, not politically powerful; most southern whites
were poor farmers, not decision makers) but of elites.
The northern elite wanted economic expansion-free land, free labor, a
free market, a high protective tariff for manufacturers, a bank of the
United States. The slave interests opposed all that; they saw Lincoln and
the Republicans as making continuation of their pleasant and prosperous
way of life impossible in the future.
Making Statements
Naming of the Civil War

The different sides had
different names for
some of the battles
 North
 South

Also reflected in
______________
Battle of First Bull Run /
Manassas Junction


July 1861
Lincoln wants to try his
unready troops
Demonstrate Union
power
 Could lead to fall of
Richmond

 Only

100 miles away
Congressmen and
spectators showed up

Brought lunch pails and
carriages
Battle of First Bull Run /
Manassas Junction


Union does well at the
beginning of the battle
__________________ holds
the line for the South


Like a stone wall
Results





5,000 total casualties
________________________
_____
Made South more confident
Some Southern soldiers
deserted thinking that the war
was over
Southern enlistments dropped
Askin’ All Them Questions





Why are there different names
for certain battles? One
example.
What was the North’s strategy to
win the war?



What happened with the Trent?
What was the Alabama? What
are the possible consequences of
it?
Abraham Lincoln suspended this
right in order to preserve the
Union.


What were Southern advantages
during the Civil War?
What were the Border states?
What happened at Ft. Sumter?
Why was Lincoln faced with a
dilemma?
Who is Maximillian? Why is he
put in?
What is conscription?
John Green Crash Course #20:
The Civil War, Part 1




Why is calling it “Blue v.
Gray” a misnomer?
What effect did the Civil
War have on the size of
the federal government
How did religion play a
role in the Civil War?
Was the result of the war
a foregone conclusion?
The South Rises!
The Civil War 1861-1863
“If General McCllelan isn’t going to use his army, I’d
like to borrow it for some time.”
~Abraham Lincoln
Askin’ All Them Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why are there different names
for certain battles?
6. What were Southern advantages
during the Civil War?
What was the North’s strategy
to win the war?
7. What were the Border states?
What happened with the Trent?
8. What happened at Ft. Sumter?
Why was Lincoln faced with a
dilemma?
What were the Northern
advantages going into the Civil
War?
9. Who is Maximillian? What idea
does it challenge?
Abraham Lincoln suspended this
right in Maryland. Why did he
do it?
10. What is conscription? Explain
the statement, “Rich man’s war.
Poor man’s fight.”
Primary Source Daily
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today


Describe the early military failures of the North.
Explain the significance of the battles of Antietam,
Gettysburg, and Vicksburg.
America: The Story of Us
Women Factory Workers
George McCllelan & the Peninsula

West Point grad


Fought in M-A war
Command of Army of
Potomac



Hated to sacrifice troops
A “players coach”
Overcautious


Always thought he was
outnumbered
Constantly drills his army
without doing anything

Lincoln tells him to move
forward
George McCllelan & the Peninsula

McCllelan decides to take a
water approach, Spring 1861

After a month of fighting the
Union captures Yorktown



Wasn’t defended
well…shouldn’t have taken
that long
Lincoln diverts troops to chase
after Stonewall Jackson
Lee counter-attacks

__________________, June
1862

Union ends up retreating
Results of Peninsula Campaign

South…winning (duh)



McCllelan removed from
command


Lee loses 20,000
McCllelan looses 10,000
Temporarily
Lincoln


If Richmond had fallen

Union restored with slavery?
Battles on the Sea

What is Northern strategy?


Concentrated only on largest ports
Blockade running



Britain says its up to you
Profitable
Rendezvous in the British Bahamas


British later use this strategy in
WW1
___________________________



_________________________
Monitor was the Union response
Two ships fought to a standstill


South eventually destroys theirs to
keep it away from the North
END of wooden ships
The South is Rising

Second Battle of Bull
Run, August 1862
Lee attacked Union
general Pope
 CSA wins convincingly


Effects of South winning
early

Infighting in the North


Example?
Lincoln is pressured to
act on slavery

Why?
The South is Rising

Lee decides to
_______________
Bring MD into the South
 Encourage foreign
intervention


General Lee heads
towards Antietam Creek
in Maryland…(cue duh
duh duh duh music)
Askin’ All Them Questions

What was the
Merrimack?




Effect?
What was the Peninsula
Campaign?
Describe George
McCllelan?
What happened at the
1st Bull Run?
Battle of Antietam

September 1862




McCllelan is restored to
command
Union troops find a copy
of Lee’s battle plan
McCllelan is able to stop
Lee’s advance
Lee retreats

McCllelan lets him go
Effects of Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest day of the
war




4,000 dead
The South was on the
verge of winning the
war
History Channel

http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofantietam/videos#the-battle-of-antietam
John Green Crash Course #19
Battles of the Civil War


What does the style of
this Crash Course tell
you about military
history?
Who was the back
and forth at the
beginning good for
short term? Long
term?
1863: TURNING POINTS
Hushed and grim. Atlanta turned. Painful eyes towards the far away little town of
Gettysburg; and page of history waited for three days while two nations came to death
grips on the farm lands of Pennsylvania.
~Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind
Askin’ All Them Questions
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What was the Merrimack?
6.
What was the Peninsula
Campaign?
7.
Effect?
Describe George McClellan:
What happened at the
Bull Run?
1st
What was Thomas Jackson’s
nickname? Where did he
get it?
8.
9.
10.
This was the bloodiest single
day of battle during the
Civil War:
Why did Lee want to go to
MD?
What was the Confederate
capital city?
What is habeas corpus?
Why was it suspended?
What was the Emancipation
Proclamation?
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today


Explain the significance of the battles of Antietam,
Gettysburg, and Vicksburg.
Describe the political struggle between Lincoln’s
Union Party and the antiwar Copperheads.
Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln felt it was right
 Border
states were secured
 Had a victory to hang his hat on
 Issued on September 23, 1862
 Official



on Jan. 1, 1863
What Did it Do?
Strengthened morale
Did away with
____________________
Emancipation Proclamation

Public reaction
Richard Hofstadter
Great Issues in American History
“It was only as the war grew more bitter, the casualties mounted,
desperation to win heightened, and the criticism of the abolitionists
threatened to unravel the tattered coalition behind Lincoln that he
began to act against slavery. Like a delicate barometer, he recorded
the trend of pressures, and as the Radical pressure increased he moved
toward the left. Wendell Phillips said that if Lincoln was able to grow
‘it is because we have watered him.’
The Emancipation Proclamation had all moral grandeur of a bill of
lading. The London Spectator wrote concisely, “The principle is not that
a human being cannot justly own another, but that he cannot own him
unless he is loyal to the United States.”
African Americans in the Civil War

At the beginning

Only the US navy allowed
enrollment


Cooks
After the EP and
enlistment #s were low
they were accepted

180,000

Why serve?

Slaves in Confederate
Army
Howard Zinn
A People’s History of the United States



With the Proclamation, the Union army was open to blacks. And the
more blacks entered the war, the more it appeared a war for their
liberation. The more whites had to sacrifice, the more resentment
there was, particularly among poor whites in the North…
So the draft riots of 1863 took place, uprisings of angry whites in
northern cities, their targets not the rich, far away, but the blacks,
near at hand. It was an orgy of death and violence.
A black man in Detroit described what he saw: a mob, with kegs of
beer on wagons, armed with clubs and bricks, marching through the
city, attacking black men, women, children. He heard one man say:
"If we are got to be killed up for Negroes then we will kill every one
in this town."
Prelude to Gettysburg

Prologue

Burnside replaces McClellan

Attacked Lee at
Fredericksburg, VA


Loses 10,000
Battle of Chancellorsville



Burnside gives the duty to
Hooker
Lee divides his inferior army
into two and flanks Hooker
Lee wins?

Stonewall Jackson is shot
and dies of friendly fire
Gettysburg Trailer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Usg_Lh0Uy
Mc
Gettysburg

Lee wanted to follow up
Chancellorsville with going into PA


Meade replaces Hooker and takes
his army to Gettysburg, PA




92,000 (USA)
76,000 (CSA)
Why does Lee stop in Gettysburg?
What does this show?
Battle lasts for 3 days


Foreign intervention?
Pickett’s charge is the final blow
TURNING POINT OF THE WAR
Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address
 Dedicate
the
cemetery to those
that had fallen
 51,000
wounded,
killed, captured,
missing
 Two
minute speech
that got little
attention
 Four
score and seven
years ago…
Gettysburg Address Video

https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=ndmcgAs
A1aI
Askin’ All Them Questions




What is the turning
pint of the Civil War?
Why Gettysburg?
What happened at
Chancellorsville?
What is the bloodiest
single day of the war?
Battle for the West

US Grant
Mediocre student
 Alcoholic


Fort Donelson & Fort
Henry
Grant’s first big wins
 Keeps KY as a border
state and he asks for
unconditional
surrender from TN

Battle for the West

Battle of Shiloh



April, 1862
Was an important junction of
Confederate railroads
CSA is able to hold off Grant


Shows that the battles in the
West are also not going to be
easy
New Orleans


Spring 1862
North got control of MS River


Major supply line
Divide the South into two
fronts
Battle for the West


Vicksburg
Effects of Gettysburg
and Vicksburg
Making Statements
Political Divisions in the North

Political infighting

Republicans

Didn’t trust Lincoln on abolition


Evidence?
Democrats

No leader


War Democrats


Douglas dies 7 weeks before Ft.
Sumter
Supported Lincoln
Copperheads


Charles Vallandigham


Convicted of treason
Banished to the CSA

Man Without a Country
Don’t Change Horses…

Lincoln (R) or (U)



“Don’t change horses in the
middle of a stream”
George McClellan (D)

Denouncing the war as a
failure
The Nail in the Coffin for the South…

War sways election


Lincoln wins 212-21



2.2 million votes
1.8 million votes
With Lincoln re-elected South
loses hope of winning

Desertions increase sharply
John Green Crash Course #20:
The Civil War, Part 1


What made Grant the
first modern military
leader?
How was the end of
the Civil War ensured
with an election?
 Explain
your answer
The Coolest Part of the Civil War…

Where?


When?



1st & 4th Texas Infantry Division sneak
attacked the 5th Infantry Division
Then they combine forces and attack the
3rd Division
How Big Did it Get?


January 29, 1863
What Happened?


Virginia’s Rappahannock Valley
10,000 people participated
What Stopped It?

Commanding officers because soldiers
were packing snowballs with ammunition
APUSH Reader:
A Confederate Slave

http://opinionator.blo
gs.nytimes.com/2013/
09/24/a-slavesservice-in-theconfederatearmy/?smid=fbshare&_r=0


Describe how this fits
into the historical
narrative of this Unit
What issue did the
Silas family have?
Were they right?
THE NIGHT THEY DROVE OLE DIXIE DOWN:
THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR
“And the Wind swept through Georgia…Sherman! To split the Confederacy, to leave it
crippled and forever humbled, the Great Invader marched . . . leaving behind him a
path of destruction sixty miles wide, from Atlanta to the sea. . . .”
~Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind
Askin’ All Them Questions
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What was the Merrimack?
6.
What was the Peninsula
Campaign?
7.
Effect?
Describe George McClellan:
What happened at the
Bull Run?
1st
What was Thomas Jackson’s
nickname? Where did he
get it?
8.
9.
10.
This was the bloodiest single
day of battle during the
Civil War:
Why did Lee want to go to
MD?
What was the Confederate
capital city?
What is habeas corpus?
Why was it suspended?
What was the Emancipation
Proclamation?
Primary Source Daily
A Proclamation: September 22, 1862

That on the 1st day of January AD 1863, all
persons held as slaves within any State or
designated part of a State the people whereof
shall be then be in rebellion against the United
States shall be then, thenceforward and forever
free.
Primary Source Daily:
Copperhead Party—In Favor of a Vigorous Prosecution of Peace
What We’re Talking About Today…


Describe the political struggle between Lincoln’s
Union Party and the antiwar Copperheads.
Describe the problems of Reconstruction facing the
nation in 1865.
Gone With the Wind: Sherman

https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Upp7pS
So-WE
Sherman’s March to the Sea

Conquest of Georgia

Purpose


Effects
 Shortened
the war
Sherman’s March to the Sea


After Savannah
Sherman marches
North
South Carolina
 Worse
than in Georgia
 Believed
 Burned
SC started it
the capital of
SC

North Carolina
America: The Story of Us
Sherman’s March
Pop Culture Moment:
New Years Dinner

http://www.macon.co
m/2014/01/01/285
5555/the-storybehind-traditionalnew.html
Askin’ All Them Questions


This general was responsible
for conquering the Western
front
What battle did Grant win on
the same day as Gettysburg


Effect?
This person captured Atlanta

His motives

Bloodiest single day of battle

1st land battle
Champion of the West

Grant replaces Meade



Grant’s plan


Failure to pursue Lee
Lincoln wanted a general
who had the nerve to
____________________
Attack enemy on all fronts
so they can’t help each
other
Wilderness Campaign



May to June 1864
Grant surges to
______________
50,000 Union casualties
The Night They Drove Ole Dixie Down

February 1865
 Southerners
try to
negotiate a settlement
 Lincoln
demands
emancipation

Capture of Richmond

Lincoln visits Richmond
 Escort
of soldiers
 Black slaves greet him
in the streets
Grant v. Lee: Court of Public Opinion

Grant


Rate of loss was 1:10
soldiers
Lee


Lee turns the war into a
war of
______________
Lee didn’t have enough
people to be offensive
 Grant figured now he
just has to outlast Lee

History Channel

http://www.history.com/videos/surrender-atappomattox-courthouse#surrender-atappomattox-courthouse
Askin’ All Them Questions





Where did Lee
surrender?
Why did Lincoln pick
Grant?
What did Sherman do?
Describe how African
Americans participated
during the war
What did the EP do?
Aftermath of the War

Southern Attitudes
After the War
 Many
remained
defiant
 Believed their view of
secession was correct
Howard Zinn
A People’s History of the United States

The Civil War was one of the bloodiest in human
history up to that time: 600,000 dead on both
sides, in a population of 30 million-the equivalent,
in the United States of 1978, with a population of
250 million, of 5 million dead.
Making Statements
John Green Crash Course #21
Civil War, Part 2
How did the Civil War change our view of death?

Why is Brady like Photoshop?


What was the main effect of his work
What is the biggest impact of the Civil War
according to John?


Explain your answer
What implications did the North winning have?

What is the significance of singularizing the United
States

How did the Civil War make us into the nation
we’ve become?

SIC SEMPER TYRANUS
THE BEGINNING OF RECONSTRUCTION
“Sic semper tyranus! The South is avenged!”
~John Wilkes Booth
Askin’ All Them Questions





Where did Lee
surrender?
Why did Lincoln pick
Grant?
What did Sherman do?
Describe how African
Americans participated
during the war
What did the EP do?





Where did Lee
surrender?
Why did Lincoln pick
Grant?
What did Sherman do?
Describe how African
Americans participated
during the war
What did the EP do?
Primary Source Daily:
Abraham Lincoln Second Inaugural Address

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with
firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right,
let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind
up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall
have borne the battle and for his widow and his
orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a
just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all
nations.
What We’re Talking About Today:



Describe the problems of Reconstruction facing the
nation in 1865.
Analyze the differences between the presidential
and congressional approaches to Reconstruction.
Describe and explain how the mistakes of President
Johnson and the white South opened the door to
radical Reconstruction policies.
Aftermath of the War

Southern Attitudes
After the War
Now the Ages Have Him

Impeach Lincoln?
Now the Ages Have Him

April 15, 1865

Ford’s Theatre
 Date
night with his
wife
 My American Cousin

John Wilkes Booth
Now the Ages Have Him

Martyrdom

Increased bitterness in
the North

Many realize later that
his _______________
towards the end of the
war would have been
beneficial to the South
Disney The American Presidents
Abraham Lincoln
Conspirator Trailer

http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=8XhOq5
zp6j4
The Second Civil War

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIC8ifQlD
VY
Freedmans Bureau

Emancipation

Happens unevenly throughout the South




Wanted to be called Mr. or Mrs.
Searched for long-lost relatives
Moved to look for opportunities
Churches



All were eventually forced to emancipate
Reactions




Union forces would emancipate only for them to
forcefully be renslaved
Some wanted to remain loyal to their owners
African American churches grew
Protection of emancipation
Education


Freedman built schools but couldn’t find
qualified teachers
Got white women missionaries
Freedman’s Bureau

Why?



Many blacks were unskilled
labor
They didn’t know how to
survive on their own
What

Provide

Organized the African
American vote to the
____________________
Ex-slave states divided into
districts

Freedman’s Bureau

Successes

200,000 became literate



Failures

Were supposed to be settled on
tracts of 40 acres



Wanted to read the Bible
Close the gap
Local administrators collaborated
with former plantation owners
End


“40 acres and a mule”
Many feared end of white
supremacy
Because it was used by the
Republicans increased animosity
Askin’ All Them Questions




What was the period of
reforms after the Civil
War called?
Created to give aid to
former slaves
Describe the progression
of emancipation
Why did the Freedman’s
Bureau fail?
Who is Andrew Johnson?

Characteristics
 Poor
family from NC
 Orphaned
 Never went to school
 Indentured servant
 Hot-tempered,
stubborn

Vice President Johnson
 Why?
 Typhoid
Who is Andrew Johnson?

Political Beliefs


Enemies of Johnson

North




He was a Southerner who didn’t
understand
South

He was a sellout

Never accepted by the
Republicans
Democrat
People

He was never chosen by the
people
Presidential Reconstruction

10% Plan

•
Congress turns it down
–
–
Feared
Reenslavement
Americans
of
African
Congressional Response
•
Wade-Davis Bill, 1864
–
•
Republicans
–
–
•
Lincoln pocket vetoes the
measure
–
Refused to sign it after
Congress left so it expired
Moderate v. Radical
•
Moderate Republicans
–
–
•
Agreed with Lincoln
that the South didn’t
leave
Wanted the South
readmitted under
Congress’ terms
Radical Republicans
•
Andrew Johnsons Plan
•
Andrew Johnson Plan
•
•
Any state complying
would be admitted
swiftly
Congressional Reconstruction

Confederates

What About the 3/5 Compromise?

How would the South
having more power
change things
Re-enslavement?
 Lower tariffs?
 Reroute
transcontinental
railroad?
 Repeal the Homestead
Act?
 Cancel the national
debt?

Johnson v. Congress

14th Amendment


Johnson urges
Southern states to
reject amendment
Johnson v. Congress

December 1865

13th amendment


February 1866

Vetoes Freedman’s Bureau


Johnson = Union is good
Why? (try to remember
Disney quote)
March 1866

Civil rights bill is passed
giving full citizenship to
blacks
Johnson v. Congress

April 1866
 Johnson
vetoes CR Bill
 Congress


overrides it
2/ vote
June
 Push
for a
Constitutional
amendment
 Why?
Johnson v. Congress

Congressional elections
1866


Radical Republicans


Moderates


Minority of Republicans
Wanted to protect states’
rights
Johnson v. Congress

Reconstruction by the
sword

Johnson v. Congress

Steps to Readmission


15th amendment


Southern states
readmitted in 1870
The Civil Rights Amendments

13th
 Abolished

slavery
14th
 Equal
rights for all
citizens

15th
 Protected
vote
the right to
Writing Practice

The South should have
been dealt with
harshly to punish them
for the Civil War
John Green Crash Course #22:
Reconstruction & the Election of 1876


What was the first
overridden
Presidential veto?
What views informed
Johnson’s actions as
President?
 What
is an example?
We Won’t Be Reconstructed!
Southern Response to Reconstruction
“The tide of change rose and then receded, but it left behind an altered landscape.”
~Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution
Askin’ All Them Questions
1.
What was the Freedman’s
Bureau?
6.
2.
What was the 10% plan?
3.
Explain “Sic semper tyranus”
4.
This person assassinated Lincoln
8.
Explain Andrew Johnson’s views
on civil rights and the political
system:
9.
5.
7.
10.
What was the 13th
amendment?
Why would the South get more
votes in Congress after the 13th
amendment?
Where did General Lee
surrender?
What were the Black Codes?
What type of agriculture did
most blacks engage in during
the post-Civil War era?
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today:


Analyze the differences between the presidential
and congressional approaches to Reconstruction.
Describe and explain how the mistakes of President
Johnson and the white South opened the door to
radical Reconstruction policies.
Two Most Hated Groups in the South

Carpetbaggers


Scalawags

The Redeemers!


What was Johnson’s
position on
disenfranchising
several former
Confederates?
The Carpetbaggers!

http://www.dailymotio
n.com/video/xmj8n9_t
he-carpetbaggerfrom-gone-with-thewind-1939_shortfilms
Some Positives of Reconstruction


Most Northern states didn’t let
blacks vote before the 15th
amendment
Union League




Black political clubs
Organized for GOP
Expanded to help socially
Blacks in Office


Sat down with whites to hammer
out Constitution
Began being elected to office


2 Senators, 14 Representatives
Served in state governments
The South Fights Back…

Ku Klux Klan


Force Bill 1870

The National Government Tries to
Help…
•
Civil Rights Act 1875
–
The Rise of Jim Crow

Conditions

Second Civil War: Black Codes
•
•
•
A ___________
Southern states
immediately
following Civil War
Intent
•
Slavery Without Submission

Blacks were forced
into sharecropping
and tenant farming



Some former masters
A farmer cultivating land owned
by someone else in return for rent
Crop lien system

Farmer could buy food/supplies on
credit

Right to hold another’s property until
debt is met
Slavery Without Submission

Burden of African
Americans
 Had
trouble being
______________________
 No
capital of their own
 Many
became
________________
 Oppressive laws
A People’s History of the United States
Howard Zinn

Abandoned planters, however, were leased to
former planters and to white men of the North. As
one colored newspaper said: “The slaves were
made serfs and chained to the soil…Such was the
boasted freedom acquired by the colored man at
the hands of the Yankee.
Jim Crow Becomes Legit
•
Plessey v. Ferguson,
1896
–
Homer Plessey
•
•
•
•
Light-skinned African
American
Volunteered to be a
plaintiff
Test constitutionality of
Separate Car Act
Bought a ticket to whites
only car
–
•
Made sure to tell
conductor he was mixed
Refused to move and was
arrested
Jim Crow Becomes Legit
•
Supreme Court upheld
the Louisiana Law
–
•
–
Even though the
facilities were never
equal
Now, the South Takes Away the Vote…


Failure to enforce
voting laws leads to
disenfranchisement
Methods used to
disenfranchise

Big Picture

Reactions


Positives


Southerners deeply offended
Gave us much needed
reforms (schools)
Negatives

Corruption began to take
hold in state governments



Both North and South
Development of political
machines
Violence and intimidation kept
reforms from being effective
Legacy of Reconstruction


Nobody knew what it would be
like
Republicans


Wanted to ensure liberties for
free blacks
Help the Republican Party


No real benefit
Reconstruction goes bad because



Deep rooted racism
Loyalty to popular sovereignty
(generic)
Increasing indifference in the
North
John Green Crash Course #22:
Reconstruction & the Election of 1876




What do the Black Codes
show us?
Why did states have a lot of
leeway?
What is a big deal about
freedom and the national
government?
Why did Republican
governments fail in the South?
Wait…Disney did what?
THE NORTH THROWS IN THE TOWEL:
THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION
“Northern politicians began to weigh the advantage of the political support of
impoverished blacks…against a most stable situation of a South returned to white
supremacy, accepting Republican dominance and business legislation.”
~Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States
Today in History…
•
•
•
•
Agreement in principle
for Treaty of Paris, 1782
Mark Twain is born,
1835
Thriller is released, 1982
Ken Jennings loses at
Jeopardy, 2004
•
2.5 million
Review
1.
What was the Freedman’s
Bureau?
6.
2.
What was the 10% plan?
3.
Explain “Sic semper tyranus”
4.
This person assassinated Lincoln
8.
Explain Andrew Johnson’s views
on civil rights and the political
system:
9.
5.
7.
10.
What was the 13th
amendment?
Why would the South get more
votes in Congress after the 13th
amendment?
Where did General Lee
surrender?
What were the Black Codes?
What type of agriculture did
most blacks engage in during
the post-Civil War era?
Primary Source Daily
Primary Source Daily

“The slaves were made serfs and chained to the
soil…Such was the boasted freedom acquired by
the colored man at the hands of the Yankee.”
Johnson v. the World

Tenure of Office Act, 1867

Johnson fires Stanton


Radical Republicans draw up
______________________



He was appointed by Lincoln
High crimes and
misdemeanors
Disgrace, ridicule, hatred
Johnson is impeached on Feb.
24, 1968
Johnson v. the World


Johnson avoids
___________________
Why?




People didn’t like the
President Pro Tempore of the
Senate
Johnson promised to play nice
Results


Showed country was
___________
Avoided a dangerous
precedent
Seward’s Folly

Russia wants to sell
____________
Overextended
 Thought they would lose
it to Britain anyway
 An economic liability


William Seward buys it
for 7 million
Russia had been friendly
during Civil War
 A lot of resources could
be there

Pit Stop




Why was Johnson
impeached?
What is the process for
impeachment?
What were the Black
Codes?
What was Lincoln’s plan
for reinstatement?
Election of 1868

Ulysses S. Grant (R)






Thought a general would make a
good president
Most popular
Secretary of War
No political knowledge
Reconstruction of the South under
federal/military guidance
Horatio Seymour (D)


Denounced military reconstruction
Debate over bonds



Eastern: gold
Midwestern: greenbacks
Grant wins 214-80
Panic of 1873

Debtors


People that owed money
Wanted more paper money


Creditors



What political party
People that were owed money
Wants the government to take
in money
Grant’s Policy: Contraction


Money based on gold
Little paper money
What 1873 Felt Like…

“The cities…were death traps of typhus, tuberculosis,
hunger and fire. In New York, 100,000 people lived in
the cellars of the slums; 12,00 women worked in
prostitution to avoid hunger; the garbage, lying 2 feet
deep in the streets, was alive with rats. In Philadelphia,
while the rich got fresh water from the Schuylkill River,
everyone else drank form the Delaware, into which
13,000,000 gallons of waste were dropped everyday.”
~Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States
The Closest Election EVERRRRR: 1876

Republicans

Rutherford B. Hayes

Governor of important swingstate


Democrats

Samuel Tilden


Keep this in mind
Got fame exposing Boss
Tweed in NY
Greenback Party

Peter Cooper

What would they be in favor
of?
The Closest Election EVERRRR

Issues in the election
 Civil
Service Reform
 An end of Reconstruction

Mudslinging


Democratic Strategy

The Closest Election EVERRR

Nobody gets a majority of
electoral votes

At this point 185


Today 270
Tilden 184

Wins popular vote by 250,000

4% of the population

1.2 million today

Hayes 166

3 states send two sets of electors


Florida, South Carolina, LA
Due to voting irregularities
The Closest Election EVERRR

Compromise of 1877

Electoral Count Act

The Closest Election EVERRR

Democratic Reaction


Very upset thought it was stolen
Republicans concede


Deal holds on log enough for
Hayes to be inaugurated

3 days
A People’s History of the United States
Howard Zinn

“Northern politicians began to weigh the advantage
of the political support of impoverished blacks—
maintained in voting and office only by force—
against eh most stable situation of a South returned
to white supremacy, accepting Republican
dominance and business legislation.”
Disney The American Presidents:
Andrew Johnson
John Green Crash Course #22:
Reconstruction & the Election of 1876




How did Hayes ensure
support of the super
committee?
How did the Compromise of
1877 kill Reconstruction?
What was the lesser known
legacy of Reconstruction?
What question regarding
capitalism does John raise?

What is your opinion?
Making Statements