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TALE OF THE TAPE: THE CHALLENGERS THE SOUTH AT THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR RHETT BUTLER: I think it’s hard winning a war with words, gentlemen. CHARLES: What do you mean, sir? RHETT: I mean, Mr. Hamilton, there’s not a cannon factory in the whole South. MAN: What difference does that make, sir, to a gentleman? RHETT: I’m afraid it’s going to make a great deal of difference to a great many gentlemen, sir. CHARLES: Are you hinting, Mr. Butler, that the Yankees can lick us? RHETT: No, I’m not hinting. I’m saying very plainly that the Yankees are better equipped than we. They’ve got factories, shipyards, coal-mines . . . and a fleet to bottle up our harbors and starve us to death. All we’ve got is cotton, and slaves and . . . arrogance. Gone With the Wind, 1939 Pit Stop • • • What were the Crittenden Amendments Who was John C. Breckenridge? Why is he important? What is the Freeport Doctrine? What is the Wilmot Proviso? This state seceded first Who was the president of the South? – • Government name? What did the Compromise of 1850 deal with? Primary Source Daily What We’re Talking About Today Explain how the firing on Fort Sumter galvanized North and South for war. Describe the significance of the early struggle for the border states. Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides as the war began. Describe the diplomatic struggle for the sympathies of the European powers. Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’ political leadership during the war. South Carolina Secedes? War of Northern Aggression? • Only 2 Federal forts remain in the South – • South seizes other government buildings ________________________ – Lincoln is trapped • • South Carolina sees it as aggression and fires/captures Ft. Sumter – • April 1861 Throws out the talk of peaceful solutions More Secession • • After Ft. Sumter more secession Border states • Border states have _____________________ ___ • Manufacturing aspects as well Border States Lincoln’s Goal is to __________________ ____ Declares _______________________ Sends troops to MO and western VA 5 Civilized Tribes Sided with the _______________ Confederate government promises to make federal payments to them Sends troops to Confederate army Border States North’s Purpose for the War: A People’s History of the United States Howard Zinn Lincoln could argue with lucidity and passion against slavery on moral grounds, while acting cautiously in practical politics. He believed ‘that the institution of slavery is founded on injustice and bad policy but that the promulgation of abolition doctrines trends to increase rather than abate its evils.’ Lincoln read the Constitution strictly, to mean that Congress, because of the 10th amendment, could not constitutionally bar slavery in the states. Campaign Speech in Northern Illinois Abraham Lincoln, 1858 In his 1858 campaign in Illinois for the Senate against Stephen Douglas, Lincoln spoke differently depending on the views of his listeners (and also perhaps on how close it was to the election). “Let us discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man, this race and that race and the other race being inferior, and therefore they must be placed in an inferior position. Let us discard all these things, and unite as one people throughout this land, until we shall once more stand up declaring that all men are created equal.” Campaign Speech in Southern Illinois Abraham Lincoln, 1858 I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races (applause); that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people.. . . And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race. Divided We Fall… • Many volunteers in the North to the South – • Many volunteers in the South to the North – • Why? 300,000 Many families were split apart – Lincoln had 4 brothersin-law fight for the Confederacy Foreign Aid • Trent Affair, 1861 • • Alabama – • Britain eventually stops because they realize they are setting a dangerous precedent Foreign Aid South needed help to win Most of Europe ruling classes are ______________ Working class were for the North Couldn’ t vote but ruling class didn’t want to anger them High unemployment in Britain at the start of the war Hate ____________ Lincoln Unemployment relief Foreign Flare Ups • France – – • Napoleon III _____________________ – Why is that an issue? • Napoleon takes back support and Max is taken out US remains careful until the end of the war Canada – – – Canadians plan to burn/steal from Northern cities Irish get together groups and go invade Canada Dominion of Canada is created by Britain Askin’ All Them Questions Who are the 2 presidents? What is Lincoln’s dilemma with Ft. Sumter? Who are the Border states? What is transcendentalism? What is the Missouri Compromise? Making Statements, Assuming What do you think the advantages of the South will be going into the Civil War? What does this remind you of ? The Tale of the Tape The South: Tale of the Tape Confederate Government Can’t ___________________ Some states only want troops to fight within their borders Jefferson Davis Wanted a ___________ central government Opposed Was a good speaker, but butted heads with his cabinet/Congress Didn’t listen to public opinion Nervous breakdowns Hard to handle military and diplomatic handlings South Finances During the War Crushed Blockade and destruction 30% of nation’s wealth, 1861 12% of nation’s wealth, 1870 Other Issues Ripped up lines to repair others Window weights used for bullets Gourds were made into dishes South’s Military Strategy Raising Troops Southern Army Volunteer at first Had to go to conscription sooner than the North Why? Hiring of substitutes was allowed Slaveowners with 20 or more slaves could be exempted Raising Money: South Customs duties Were cut off by Northern blockade Bonds Netted $400,000,000 Taxes Paper money Tale of the Tape • • Northern strengths strongly outweigh Southern strengths in the long run What Ifs – – – – Border states seceded Uncertain states like IL, IN, OH seceded Early defeats lead to an armistice? Britain/France help the South Askin’ All Them Questions What is conscription Explain the quote “Rich man’s war…poor man’s fight” What were some advantages for the South? Disadvantages? Fort Sumter What is habeas corpus? Who got rid of it? Why? Gone With the Wind: The South’s Chances TALE OF THE TAPE: DEFENDING CIVIL WAR CHAMPIONS THE NORTH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR "In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail” Union General William T. Sherman Askin’ All Them Questions What is conscription Where did large draft riots take place? Who? Why? Explain the quote “Rich man’s war…poor man’s fight” What were some advantages for either side? What is habeas corpus? Who got rid of it? Why? • • • Who are the 2 presidents? What is Lincoln’s dilemma with Ft. Sumter? Who are the Border states? Primary Source Daily: If the telegraph speaks truth, for the first time in our history the slave has chosen a President of the United States. . . . Not an Abolitionist, hardly an antislavery man, Mr. Lincoln consents to represent an antislavery idea. A pawn on the political chessboard, his value is in his position; with fair effort, we may soon change him for knight, bishop or queen, and sweep the board. (Applause) ~Wendell Smith speech after Election Day 1860 What We’re Talking About Today: Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides as the war began. Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’ political leadership during the war. Describe the curtailment of civil liberties caused by the war Tale of the Tape The North Tale of the Tape • Government – • Abraham Lincoln Union Military Strategy Anaconda Strategy Slowly suffocate the South with a blockade Liberate slaves in the South Seize the Mississippi River Cut the South in half Send troops through Carolina and Georgia Decapitate it by taking Richmond Engage everywhere possible Grant’s idea Raising Money: North Taxes Customs duties Paper Money Bonds $450,000,000 issued 2,500,000 National Banking System Boom Time in the North New Factories What would’ve helped them? Development of _______________ Labor Saving Machines Petroleum Found in PA, 1859 Pioneers move west Free land in Homestead Act, 1862 Women During the War New opportunities for women Clerks Manufacturers 400 posed as male soldiers Spies Nurses Organized fundraisers America: The Story of Us Clara Barton Tale of the Tape Lincoln and the Constitution Questionable actions PSD Raising Troops North Bounty Brokers Draft riots, NYC, 1863 Enlisted multiple times to collect signing bonuses Irish Lasted for 4 2,000 killed days A People’s History of the United States Howard Zinn Behind the secession of the South from the Union, after Lincoln was elected President in the fall of 1860 as candidate of the new Republican party, was a long series of policy clashes between South and North. The clash was not over slavery as a moral institution-most northerners did not care enough about slavery to make sacrifices for it, certainly not the sacrifice of war. It was not a clash of peoples (most northern whites were not economically favored, not politically powerful; most southern whites were poor farmers, not decision makers) but of elites. The northern elite wanted economic expansion-free land, free labor, a free market, a high protective tariff for manufacturers, a bank of the United States. The slave interests opposed all that; they saw Lincoln and the Republicans as making continuation of their pleasant and prosperous way of life impossible in the future. Making Statements Naming of the Civil War The different sides had different names for some of the battles North South Also reflected in ______________ Battle of First Bull Run / Manassas Junction July 1861 Lincoln wants to try his unready troops Demonstrate Union power Could lead to fall of Richmond Only 100 miles away Congressmen and spectators showed up Brought lunch pails and carriages Battle of First Bull Run / Manassas Junction Union does well at the beginning of the battle __________________ holds the line for the South Like a stone wall Results 5,000 total casualties ________________________ _____ Made South more confident Some Southern soldiers deserted thinking that the war was over Southern enlistments dropped Askin’ All Them Questions Why are there different names for certain battles? One example. What was the North’s strategy to win the war? What happened with the Trent? What was the Alabama? What are the possible consequences of it? Abraham Lincoln suspended this right in order to preserve the Union. What were Southern advantages during the Civil War? What were the Border states? What happened at Ft. Sumter? Why was Lincoln faced with a dilemma? Who is Maximillian? Why is he put in? What is conscription? John Green Crash Course #20: The Civil War, Part 1 Why is calling it “Blue v. Gray” a misnomer? What effect did the Civil War have on the size of the federal government How did religion play a role in the Civil War? Was the result of the war a foregone conclusion? The South Rises! The Civil War 1861-1863 “If General McCllelan isn’t going to use his army, I’d like to borrow it for some time.” ~Abraham Lincoln Askin’ All Them Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why are there different names for certain battles? 6. What were Southern advantages during the Civil War? What was the North’s strategy to win the war? 7. What were the Border states? What happened with the Trent? 8. What happened at Ft. Sumter? Why was Lincoln faced with a dilemma? What were the Northern advantages going into the Civil War? 9. Who is Maximillian? What idea does it challenge? Abraham Lincoln suspended this right in Maryland. Why did he do it? 10. What is conscription? Explain the statement, “Rich man’s war. Poor man’s fight.” Primary Source Daily Primary Source Daily What We’re Talking About Today Describe the early military failures of the North. Explain the significance of the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg. America: The Story of Us Women Factory Workers George McCllelan & the Peninsula West Point grad Fought in M-A war Command of Army of Potomac Hated to sacrifice troops A “players coach” Overcautious Always thought he was outnumbered Constantly drills his army without doing anything Lincoln tells him to move forward George McCllelan & the Peninsula McCllelan decides to take a water approach, Spring 1861 After a month of fighting the Union captures Yorktown Wasn’t defended well…shouldn’t have taken that long Lincoln diverts troops to chase after Stonewall Jackson Lee counter-attacks __________________, June 1862 Union ends up retreating Results of Peninsula Campaign South…winning (duh) McCllelan removed from command Lee loses 20,000 McCllelan looses 10,000 Temporarily Lincoln If Richmond had fallen Union restored with slavery? Battles on the Sea What is Northern strategy? Concentrated only on largest ports Blockade running Britain says its up to you Profitable Rendezvous in the British Bahamas British later use this strategy in WW1 ___________________________ _________________________ Monitor was the Union response Two ships fought to a standstill South eventually destroys theirs to keep it away from the North END of wooden ships The South is Rising Second Battle of Bull Run, August 1862 Lee attacked Union general Pope CSA wins convincingly Effects of South winning early Infighting in the North Example? Lincoln is pressured to act on slavery Why? The South is Rising Lee decides to _______________ Bring MD into the South Encourage foreign intervention General Lee heads towards Antietam Creek in Maryland…(cue duh duh duh duh music) Askin’ All Them Questions What was the Merrimack? Effect? What was the Peninsula Campaign? Describe George McCllelan? What happened at the 1st Bull Run? Battle of Antietam September 1862 McCllelan is restored to command Union troops find a copy of Lee’s battle plan McCllelan is able to stop Lee’s advance Lee retreats McCllelan lets him go Effects of Battle of Antietam Bloodiest day of the war 4,000 dead The South was on the verge of winning the war History Channel http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofantietam/videos#the-battle-of-antietam John Green Crash Course #19 Battles of the Civil War What does the style of this Crash Course tell you about military history? Who was the back and forth at the beginning good for short term? Long term? 1863: TURNING POINTS Hushed and grim. Atlanta turned. Painful eyes towards the far away little town of Gettysburg; and page of history waited for three days while two nations came to death grips on the farm lands of Pennsylvania. ~Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind Askin’ All Them Questions 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was the Merrimack? 6. What was the Peninsula Campaign? 7. Effect? Describe George McClellan: What happened at the Bull Run? 1st What was Thomas Jackson’s nickname? Where did he get it? 8. 9. 10. This was the bloodiest single day of battle during the Civil War: Why did Lee want to go to MD? What was the Confederate capital city? What is habeas corpus? Why was it suspended? What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Primary Source Daily What We’re Talking About Today Explain the significance of the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg. Describe the political struggle between Lincoln’s Union Party and the antiwar Copperheads. Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln felt it was right Border states were secured Had a victory to hang his hat on Issued on September 23, 1862 Official on Jan. 1, 1863 What Did it Do? Strengthened morale Did away with ____________________ Emancipation Proclamation Public reaction Richard Hofstadter Great Issues in American History “It was only as the war grew more bitter, the casualties mounted, desperation to win heightened, and the criticism of the abolitionists threatened to unravel the tattered coalition behind Lincoln that he began to act against slavery. Like a delicate barometer, he recorded the trend of pressures, and as the Radical pressure increased he moved toward the left. Wendell Phillips said that if Lincoln was able to grow ‘it is because we have watered him.’ The Emancipation Proclamation had all moral grandeur of a bill of lading. The London Spectator wrote concisely, “The principle is not that a human being cannot justly own another, but that he cannot own him unless he is loyal to the United States.” African Americans in the Civil War At the beginning Only the US navy allowed enrollment Cooks After the EP and enlistment #s were low they were accepted 180,000 Why serve? Slaves in Confederate Army Howard Zinn A People’s History of the United States With the Proclamation, the Union army was open to blacks. And the more blacks entered the war, the more it appeared a war for their liberation. The more whites had to sacrifice, the more resentment there was, particularly among poor whites in the North… So the draft riots of 1863 took place, uprisings of angry whites in northern cities, their targets not the rich, far away, but the blacks, near at hand. It was an orgy of death and violence. A black man in Detroit described what he saw: a mob, with kegs of beer on wagons, armed with clubs and bricks, marching through the city, attacking black men, women, children. He heard one man say: "If we are got to be killed up for Negroes then we will kill every one in this town." Prelude to Gettysburg Prologue Burnside replaces McClellan Attacked Lee at Fredericksburg, VA Loses 10,000 Battle of Chancellorsville Burnside gives the duty to Hooker Lee divides his inferior army into two and flanks Hooker Lee wins? Stonewall Jackson is shot and dies of friendly fire Gettysburg Trailer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Usg_Lh0Uy Mc Gettysburg Lee wanted to follow up Chancellorsville with going into PA Meade replaces Hooker and takes his army to Gettysburg, PA 92,000 (USA) 76,000 (CSA) Why does Lee stop in Gettysburg? What does this show? Battle lasts for 3 days Foreign intervention? Pickett’s charge is the final blow TURNING POINT OF THE WAR Gettysburg Gettysburg Address Dedicate the cemetery to those that had fallen 51,000 wounded, killed, captured, missing Two minute speech that got little attention Four score and seven years ago… Gettysburg Address Video https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=ndmcgAs A1aI Askin’ All Them Questions What is the turning pint of the Civil War? Why Gettysburg? What happened at Chancellorsville? What is the bloodiest single day of the war? Battle for the West US Grant Mediocre student Alcoholic Fort Donelson & Fort Henry Grant’s first big wins Keeps KY as a border state and he asks for unconditional surrender from TN Battle for the West Battle of Shiloh April, 1862 Was an important junction of Confederate railroads CSA is able to hold off Grant Shows that the battles in the West are also not going to be easy New Orleans Spring 1862 North got control of MS River Major supply line Divide the South into two fronts Battle for the West Vicksburg Effects of Gettysburg and Vicksburg Making Statements Political Divisions in the North Political infighting Republicans Didn’t trust Lincoln on abolition Evidence? Democrats No leader War Democrats Douglas dies 7 weeks before Ft. Sumter Supported Lincoln Copperheads Charles Vallandigham Convicted of treason Banished to the CSA Man Without a Country Don’t Change Horses… Lincoln (R) or (U) “Don’t change horses in the middle of a stream” George McClellan (D) Denouncing the war as a failure The Nail in the Coffin for the South… War sways election Lincoln wins 212-21 2.2 million votes 1.8 million votes With Lincoln re-elected South loses hope of winning Desertions increase sharply John Green Crash Course #20: The Civil War, Part 1 What made Grant the first modern military leader? How was the end of the Civil War ensured with an election? Explain your answer The Coolest Part of the Civil War… Where? When? 1st & 4th Texas Infantry Division sneak attacked the 5th Infantry Division Then they combine forces and attack the 3rd Division How Big Did it Get? January 29, 1863 What Happened? Virginia’s Rappahannock Valley 10,000 people participated What Stopped It? Commanding officers because soldiers were packing snowballs with ammunition APUSH Reader: A Confederate Slave http://opinionator.blo gs.nytimes.com/2013/ 09/24/a-slavesservice-in-theconfederatearmy/?smid=fbshare&_r=0 Describe how this fits into the historical narrative of this Unit What issue did the Silas family have? Were they right? THE NIGHT THEY DROVE OLE DIXIE DOWN: THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR “And the Wind swept through Georgia…Sherman! To split the Confederacy, to leave it crippled and forever humbled, the Great Invader marched . . . leaving behind him a path of destruction sixty miles wide, from Atlanta to the sea. . . .” ~Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind Askin’ All Them Questions 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was the Merrimack? 6. What was the Peninsula Campaign? 7. Effect? Describe George McClellan: What happened at the Bull Run? 1st What was Thomas Jackson’s nickname? Where did he get it? 8. 9. 10. This was the bloodiest single day of battle during the Civil War: Why did Lee want to go to MD? What was the Confederate capital city? What is habeas corpus? Why was it suspended? What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Primary Source Daily A Proclamation: September 22, 1862 That on the 1st day of January AD 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall be then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward and forever free. Primary Source Daily: Copperhead Party—In Favor of a Vigorous Prosecution of Peace What We’re Talking About Today… Describe the political struggle between Lincoln’s Union Party and the antiwar Copperheads. Describe the problems of Reconstruction facing the nation in 1865. Gone With the Wind: Sherman https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=Upp7pS So-WE Sherman’s March to the Sea Conquest of Georgia Purpose Effects Shortened the war Sherman’s March to the Sea After Savannah Sherman marches North South Carolina Worse than in Georgia Believed Burned SC started it the capital of SC North Carolina America: The Story of Us Sherman’s March Pop Culture Moment: New Years Dinner http://www.macon.co m/2014/01/01/285 5555/the-storybehind-traditionalnew.html Askin’ All Them Questions This general was responsible for conquering the Western front What battle did Grant win on the same day as Gettysburg Effect? This person captured Atlanta His motives Bloodiest single day of battle 1st land battle Champion of the West Grant replaces Meade Grant’s plan Failure to pursue Lee Lincoln wanted a general who had the nerve to ____________________ Attack enemy on all fronts so they can’t help each other Wilderness Campaign May to June 1864 Grant surges to ______________ 50,000 Union casualties The Night They Drove Ole Dixie Down February 1865 Southerners try to negotiate a settlement Lincoln demands emancipation Capture of Richmond Lincoln visits Richmond Escort of soldiers Black slaves greet him in the streets Grant v. Lee: Court of Public Opinion Grant Rate of loss was 1:10 soldiers Lee Lee turns the war into a war of ______________ Lee didn’t have enough people to be offensive Grant figured now he just has to outlast Lee History Channel http://www.history.com/videos/surrender-atappomattox-courthouse#surrender-atappomattox-courthouse Askin’ All Them Questions Where did Lee surrender? Why did Lincoln pick Grant? What did Sherman do? Describe how African Americans participated during the war What did the EP do? Aftermath of the War Southern Attitudes After the War Many remained defiant Believed their view of secession was correct Howard Zinn A People’s History of the United States The Civil War was one of the bloodiest in human history up to that time: 600,000 dead on both sides, in a population of 30 million-the equivalent, in the United States of 1978, with a population of 250 million, of 5 million dead. Making Statements John Green Crash Course #21 Civil War, Part 2 How did the Civil War change our view of death? Why is Brady like Photoshop? What was the main effect of his work What is the biggest impact of the Civil War according to John? Explain your answer What implications did the North winning have? What is the significance of singularizing the United States How did the Civil War make us into the nation we’ve become? SIC SEMPER TYRANUS THE BEGINNING OF RECONSTRUCTION “Sic semper tyranus! The South is avenged!” ~John Wilkes Booth Askin’ All Them Questions Where did Lee surrender? Why did Lincoln pick Grant? What did Sherman do? Describe how African Americans participated during the war What did the EP do? Where did Lee surrender? Why did Lincoln pick Grant? What did Sherman do? Describe how African Americans participated during the war What did the EP do? Primary Source Daily: Abraham Lincoln Second Inaugural Address With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. What We’re Talking About Today: Describe the problems of Reconstruction facing the nation in 1865. Analyze the differences between the presidential and congressional approaches to Reconstruction. Describe and explain how the mistakes of President Johnson and the white South opened the door to radical Reconstruction policies. Aftermath of the War Southern Attitudes After the War Now the Ages Have Him Impeach Lincoln? Now the Ages Have Him April 15, 1865 Ford’s Theatre Date night with his wife My American Cousin John Wilkes Booth Now the Ages Have Him Martyrdom Increased bitterness in the North Many realize later that his _______________ towards the end of the war would have been beneficial to the South Disney The American Presidents Abraham Lincoln Conspirator Trailer http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=8XhOq5 zp6j4 The Second Civil War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIC8ifQlD VY Freedmans Bureau Emancipation Happens unevenly throughout the South Wanted to be called Mr. or Mrs. Searched for long-lost relatives Moved to look for opportunities Churches All were eventually forced to emancipate Reactions Union forces would emancipate only for them to forcefully be renslaved Some wanted to remain loyal to their owners African American churches grew Protection of emancipation Education Freedman built schools but couldn’t find qualified teachers Got white women missionaries Freedman’s Bureau Why? Many blacks were unskilled labor They didn’t know how to survive on their own What Provide Organized the African American vote to the ____________________ Ex-slave states divided into districts Freedman’s Bureau Successes 200,000 became literate Failures Were supposed to be settled on tracts of 40 acres Wanted to read the Bible Close the gap Local administrators collaborated with former plantation owners End “40 acres and a mule” Many feared end of white supremacy Because it was used by the Republicans increased animosity Askin’ All Them Questions What was the period of reforms after the Civil War called? Created to give aid to former slaves Describe the progression of emancipation Why did the Freedman’s Bureau fail? Who is Andrew Johnson? Characteristics Poor family from NC Orphaned Never went to school Indentured servant Hot-tempered, stubborn Vice President Johnson Why? Typhoid Who is Andrew Johnson? Political Beliefs Enemies of Johnson North He was a Southerner who didn’t understand South He was a sellout Never accepted by the Republicans Democrat People He was never chosen by the people Presidential Reconstruction 10% Plan • Congress turns it down – – Feared Reenslavement Americans of African Congressional Response • Wade-Davis Bill, 1864 – • Republicans – – • Lincoln pocket vetoes the measure – Refused to sign it after Congress left so it expired Moderate v. Radical • Moderate Republicans – – • Agreed with Lincoln that the South didn’t leave Wanted the South readmitted under Congress’ terms Radical Republicans • Andrew Johnsons Plan • Andrew Johnson Plan • • Any state complying would be admitted swiftly Congressional Reconstruction Confederates What About the 3/5 Compromise? How would the South having more power change things Re-enslavement? Lower tariffs? Reroute transcontinental railroad? Repeal the Homestead Act? Cancel the national debt? Johnson v. Congress 14th Amendment Johnson urges Southern states to reject amendment Johnson v. Congress December 1865 13th amendment February 1866 Vetoes Freedman’s Bureau Johnson = Union is good Why? (try to remember Disney quote) March 1866 Civil rights bill is passed giving full citizenship to blacks Johnson v. Congress April 1866 Johnson vetoes CR Bill Congress overrides it 2/ vote June Push for a Constitutional amendment Why? Johnson v. Congress Congressional elections 1866 Radical Republicans Moderates Minority of Republicans Wanted to protect states’ rights Johnson v. Congress Reconstruction by the sword Johnson v. Congress Steps to Readmission 15th amendment Southern states readmitted in 1870 The Civil Rights Amendments 13th Abolished slavery 14th Equal rights for all citizens 15th Protected vote the right to Writing Practice The South should have been dealt with harshly to punish them for the Civil War John Green Crash Course #22: Reconstruction & the Election of 1876 What was the first overridden Presidential veto? What views informed Johnson’s actions as President? What is an example? We Won’t Be Reconstructed! Southern Response to Reconstruction “The tide of change rose and then receded, but it left behind an altered landscape.” ~Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution Askin’ All Them Questions 1. What was the Freedman’s Bureau? 6. 2. What was the 10% plan? 3. Explain “Sic semper tyranus” 4. This person assassinated Lincoln 8. Explain Andrew Johnson’s views on civil rights and the political system: 9. 5. 7. 10. What was the 13th amendment? Why would the South get more votes in Congress after the 13th amendment? Where did General Lee surrender? What were the Black Codes? What type of agriculture did most blacks engage in during the post-Civil War era? Primary Source Daily What We’re Talking About Today: Analyze the differences between the presidential and congressional approaches to Reconstruction. Describe and explain how the mistakes of President Johnson and the white South opened the door to radical Reconstruction policies. Two Most Hated Groups in the South Carpetbaggers Scalawags The Redeemers! What was Johnson’s position on disenfranchising several former Confederates? The Carpetbaggers! http://www.dailymotio n.com/video/xmj8n9_t he-carpetbaggerfrom-gone-with-thewind-1939_shortfilms Some Positives of Reconstruction Most Northern states didn’t let blacks vote before the 15th amendment Union League Black political clubs Organized for GOP Expanded to help socially Blacks in Office Sat down with whites to hammer out Constitution Began being elected to office 2 Senators, 14 Representatives Served in state governments The South Fights Back… Ku Klux Klan Force Bill 1870 The National Government Tries to Help… • Civil Rights Act 1875 – The Rise of Jim Crow Conditions Second Civil War: Black Codes • • • A ___________ Southern states immediately following Civil War Intent • Slavery Without Submission Blacks were forced into sharecropping and tenant farming Some former masters A farmer cultivating land owned by someone else in return for rent Crop lien system Farmer could buy food/supplies on credit Right to hold another’s property until debt is met Slavery Without Submission Burden of African Americans Had trouble being ______________________ No capital of their own Many became ________________ Oppressive laws A People’s History of the United States Howard Zinn Abandoned planters, however, were leased to former planters and to white men of the North. As one colored newspaper said: “The slaves were made serfs and chained to the soil…Such was the boasted freedom acquired by the colored man at the hands of the Yankee. Jim Crow Becomes Legit • Plessey v. Ferguson, 1896 – Homer Plessey • • • • Light-skinned African American Volunteered to be a plaintiff Test constitutionality of Separate Car Act Bought a ticket to whites only car – • Made sure to tell conductor he was mixed Refused to move and was arrested Jim Crow Becomes Legit • Supreme Court upheld the Louisiana Law – • – Even though the facilities were never equal Now, the South Takes Away the Vote… Failure to enforce voting laws leads to disenfranchisement Methods used to disenfranchise Big Picture Reactions Positives Southerners deeply offended Gave us much needed reforms (schools) Negatives Corruption began to take hold in state governments Both North and South Development of political machines Violence and intimidation kept reforms from being effective Legacy of Reconstruction Nobody knew what it would be like Republicans Wanted to ensure liberties for free blacks Help the Republican Party No real benefit Reconstruction goes bad because Deep rooted racism Loyalty to popular sovereignty (generic) Increasing indifference in the North John Green Crash Course #22: Reconstruction & the Election of 1876 What do the Black Codes show us? Why did states have a lot of leeway? What is a big deal about freedom and the national government? Why did Republican governments fail in the South? Wait…Disney did what? THE NORTH THROWS IN THE TOWEL: THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION “Northern politicians began to weigh the advantage of the political support of impoverished blacks…against a most stable situation of a South returned to white supremacy, accepting Republican dominance and business legislation.” ~Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States Today in History… • • • • Agreement in principle for Treaty of Paris, 1782 Mark Twain is born, 1835 Thriller is released, 1982 Ken Jennings loses at Jeopardy, 2004 • 2.5 million Review 1. What was the Freedman’s Bureau? 6. 2. What was the 10% plan? 3. Explain “Sic semper tyranus” 4. This person assassinated Lincoln 8. Explain Andrew Johnson’s views on civil rights and the political system: 9. 5. 7. 10. What was the 13th amendment? Why would the South get more votes in Congress after the 13th amendment? Where did General Lee surrender? What were the Black Codes? What type of agriculture did most blacks engage in during the post-Civil War era? Primary Source Daily Primary Source Daily “The slaves were made serfs and chained to the soil…Such was the boasted freedom acquired by the colored man at the hands of the Yankee.” Johnson v. the World Tenure of Office Act, 1867 Johnson fires Stanton Radical Republicans draw up ______________________ He was appointed by Lincoln High crimes and misdemeanors Disgrace, ridicule, hatred Johnson is impeached on Feb. 24, 1968 Johnson v. the World Johnson avoids ___________________ Why? People didn’t like the President Pro Tempore of the Senate Johnson promised to play nice Results Showed country was ___________ Avoided a dangerous precedent Seward’s Folly Russia wants to sell ____________ Overextended Thought they would lose it to Britain anyway An economic liability William Seward buys it for 7 million Russia had been friendly during Civil War A lot of resources could be there Pit Stop Why was Johnson impeached? What is the process for impeachment? What were the Black Codes? What was Lincoln’s plan for reinstatement? Election of 1868 Ulysses S. Grant (R) Thought a general would make a good president Most popular Secretary of War No political knowledge Reconstruction of the South under federal/military guidance Horatio Seymour (D) Denounced military reconstruction Debate over bonds Eastern: gold Midwestern: greenbacks Grant wins 214-80 Panic of 1873 Debtors People that owed money Wanted more paper money Creditors What political party People that were owed money Wants the government to take in money Grant’s Policy: Contraction Money based on gold Little paper money What 1873 Felt Like… “The cities…were death traps of typhus, tuberculosis, hunger and fire. In New York, 100,000 people lived in the cellars of the slums; 12,00 women worked in prostitution to avoid hunger; the garbage, lying 2 feet deep in the streets, was alive with rats. In Philadelphia, while the rich got fresh water from the Schuylkill River, everyone else drank form the Delaware, into which 13,000,000 gallons of waste were dropped everyday.” ~Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States The Closest Election EVERRRRR: 1876 Republicans Rutherford B. Hayes Governor of important swingstate Democrats Samuel Tilden Keep this in mind Got fame exposing Boss Tweed in NY Greenback Party Peter Cooper What would they be in favor of? The Closest Election EVERRRR Issues in the election Civil Service Reform An end of Reconstruction Mudslinging Democratic Strategy The Closest Election EVERRR Nobody gets a majority of electoral votes At this point 185 Today 270 Tilden 184 Wins popular vote by 250,000 4% of the population 1.2 million today Hayes 166 3 states send two sets of electors Florida, South Carolina, LA Due to voting irregularities The Closest Election EVERRR Compromise of 1877 Electoral Count Act The Closest Election EVERRR Democratic Reaction Very upset thought it was stolen Republicans concede Deal holds on log enough for Hayes to be inaugurated 3 days A People’s History of the United States Howard Zinn “Northern politicians began to weigh the advantage of the political support of impoverished blacks— maintained in voting and office only by force— against eh most stable situation of a South returned to white supremacy, accepting Republican dominance and business legislation.” Disney The American Presidents: Andrew Johnson John Green Crash Course #22: Reconstruction & the Election of 1876 How did Hayes ensure support of the super committee? How did the Compromise of 1877 kill Reconstruction? What was the lesser known legacy of Reconstruction? What question regarding capitalism does John raise? What is your opinion? Making Statements