Download Crop wild relatives in changing climates

Crop wild relatives in
changing climates
Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez, Harold A. Achicanoy, Colin K. Khoury and Nigel
Maxted
1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress, November 2016, New Delhi, India
Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture
Grassy stunt virus resistance from Oryza nivara
Aluminium tolerance from Oryza rufipogon
Salinity tolerance from Solanum cheesmaniae
Salinity tolerance from Helianthus paradoxus
Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture
Convention on Biological Diversity
Aichi Biodiversity Target 13
“By 2020, the genetic diversity of
cultivated plants and farmed and
domesticated animals and of wild
relatives, including other socioeconomically as well as culturally
valuable species, is maintained,
and strategies have been developed
and implemented for minimizing
genetic erosion and safeguarding
their genetic diversity.”
https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/
Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Target 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and
promote sustainable agriculture
“By 2020 maintain genetic diversity
of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and
domesticated animals and their
related wild species, including
through soundly managed and
diversified seed and plant banks at
national, regional and international
levels, and ensure access to and fair
and equitable sharing of benefits
arising from the utilization of genetic
resources and associated traditional
knowledge as internationally agreed”
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
Ex situ conservation
Use of crop wild relatives in breeding is facilitated through genebanks.
Representativeness of CWR in genebanks:
71.1% (765): High priority for collecting
13.8% (148): Medium priority for collecting
11.0% (118): Low priority for collecting
1076
CWR taxa
analyzed
4.2% (45) Sufficiently represented in genebanks
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Crop wild relatives are threatened in their
habitats
Brummit, NA. et al. PLoS ONE, e0135152 (2015)
Bilz, M. et al. European Red List of Vascular Plants (2011)
How climate change can
impact crop wild relatives?
Climate change scenario selection
• RCP 4.5 (stabilization scenario)
• Similar median temperature rise as
SRES B1 (~3° C by 2100)
• Time slice analyzed: 2050s (2040 –
2069)
• Spatial resolution: 2.5’ x 2.5’
• Migration scenarios: moderate and
no-migration
10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z
Potential distribution of CWR (current
climate)
Solanum colombianum (potato CWR)
Potential distribution of CWR (future
climate)
Solanum colombianum (potato CWR)
Potential impacts in regard to climatically
suitable areas
Potential losses
Potential gains
No changes
expected
Solanum colombianum (potato CWR)
Crop wild relatives are threatened
Most impacted wild genepools
(all migration scenarios):
• Finger millet
• Potato
• Cowpea
Less affected genepools:
• Rice
• Pigeonpea
Individual CWR taxa highly affected
Likely to be highly
affected due to climate
change, and poorly
represented in
genebanks
Discussion
• Nearly 10% of the taxa analyzed is expected to lose > 50% of their
potential distributions.
• Conservation strategies under climate change:
• Species/regions with large negative impacts under both dispersal scenarios:
improve current representativeness in ex situ facilities.
• Species/regions with minor loses in future distributions to be considered as
candidate sites for in situ conservation due to the relative environmental stability
they offer.
Acknowledgements
This work was undertaken as part of the initiative “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting
and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by
the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew UK and
implemented in partnership with national and international genebanks and plant breeding institutes around the
world. For further information, go to the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/
Thanks!
@laguanegna
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