Download Chapter 13 The Civil War

Chapter 13
The Civil War
8th Grade
Georgia Studies
Wilson
Expectations and Reality
• In the early months of 1861, neither southern
nor northern leaders expected the war to last
long at all.
• Southerners believed that that the North
would have no stomach for fighting.
• Northerners believed that their huge
advantages in resources would mean a swift
military defeat of the South.
• Both sides were wrong.
The Beginning of War
• The first shots of the Civil War were
fired on April 12, 1861, when the
Confederate army attacked Fort
Sumter, South Carolina.
• Union forces surrendered and the
Confederacy won the first battle.
• President Lincoln called for 75,000 men
to serve in the Union army.
Georgia in the War
• Arsenals- facilities where weapons and
ammunition are manufactured and stored.
• Arsenals were built in Augusta, Atlanta,
Savannah, Macon, and Columbus.
• Georgia becomes one of the Confederacy’s
most important sources of supplies and
military equipment.
• Growing corn and other foodstuffs.
• Railroads
• Georgia was the “heart of the Confederacy”
Naval Blockade
• President Lincoln ordered a naval blockade
of Southern ports, including Georgia.
• Blockade- use of military forces to isolate
enemy territories.
• Georgia coastal cities including Darien,
Brunswick, and Savannah were blockaded to
prevent shipments of supplies and goods
from getting in and out.
• The blockade prevents Georgia from
exporting cotton and deals a financial blow
to the state.
Famous People of the Civil War
• Jefferson Davis- President of the
Confederacy
• Abraham Lincoln- President of the U.S.
(Union)
• Robert E. Lee- Confederate General
• William T. Sherman- Union General
Bull Run
• The first official battle of the Civil War
is the Battle of Bull Run in Virginia.
• Confederacy wins.
Battle of Antietam
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee moves
his troops to Maryland where he planned to
capture Washington, D.C.
• The Battle of Antietam proved to be one of
the bloodiest battles in the war.
• The Confederacy lost 13,700 men, while the
Union lost 12,400.
• This was an important Union victory because
it stopped Confederate forces from
advancing to Washington, D.C.
Emancipation Proclamation
• On January 1, 1863, Abraham Lincoln
announced the end of slavery in
Confederate states.
• This decree was known as the
Emancipation Proclamation.
• This proclamation officially signified
the intentions of the U.S. government
concerning slavery.
Battle of Chickamauga
• Control of the railroad in nearby
Chattanooga, Tennessee was at stake
during this battle.
• After three days of fighting, Union
forces retreated.
• Bloodiest battle fought in Georgia.
• Considered a Confederate victory
because forces pushed Union soldiers
out of Georgia.
Andersonville
• In February 1864, the Confederates opened a
prison camp to house Union soldiers.
• Andersonville was located in Georgia and
held more prisoners than any other place.
• Conditions were very bad. Unhealthy
sanitation, malnutrition, and overcrowding
led to mass death.
• 13,000 Union soldiers died at Andersonville.
The Gettysburg Address
• The Battle of Gettysburg would prove to be
the greatest battle ever fought on the
continent of North America.
• The Confederacy would lose 28,000 men and
the Union’s casualties would number 23,000.
• President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg
Address in order to urge the North to win the
war to preserve the Union.
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
• In May of 1864, Union General Sherman
began his march to the sea in Georgia
with 100,000 soldiers.
• Sherman and his troops burned Atlanta
to the ground.
• Sherman and his men took everything
they could use and destroyed what
they could not.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman’s march to the sea through Georgia
was designed to destroy the “heart of the
Confederacy” and cripple the Confederacy.
• Sherman’s forces destroyed Georgia’s
resources and left a trail of destruction in
their wake.
• On December 21, 1864, Sherman entered
Savannah and presented the city to
President Lincoln.
• The Confederacy was now destroyed.
Southern Surrender and the End
of the Civil War
• On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse
in Virginia Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to
Ulysses S. Grant and other Confederate
forces soon followed.
• The South’s “war of independence” ended in
defeat, with dreams of a southern nation just
painful memories.
• The Union prevailed, slavery was abolished,
and the United States remained one nation.